.

0 (hodnocen0 x )

BK

New York : Library of America, c1993

xxi, 1173 s.

ISBN 0-940450-64-X (váz.)

The Library of America ; [vol.] 63

Obsahuje dodatek, bibliografické poznámky, chronologii, rejstřík

Spojené státy americké - vznik - pojednání a dokumenty

Ústava - Spojené státy americké - návrhy - obhajoby - r. 1787-1788 - eseje

000019380

Contents // DEBATES IN THE PRESS AND IN PRIVATE CORRESPONDENCE // January 14.-August p, r/ZS // Robert Yates and John Lansing, Jr., to Governor George Clinton, Januar}’ 14, 1788 // On the Likely Failure of Liberty: The Dissent of Two New York Delegates to the Philadelphia Convention ... 3 // Hugh Ledlie to John Lamb, January 15,1788 “Beware, Beware, Beware, For I Apprehend a Dreadful Snare”... 7 // Nathaniel Barrell to George Thatcher, Januar}’ 15,1788 // Will Congress Remain a Faithful Guardiani... 16 // Rawlins Lowndes and Edward Rutledge Debate in the South Carolina Legislature, Januar}’ 16, 1788 Should One Experiment with Liberty, or Tamper // with Slavery?...’ :... 19 // “Publius,” The Federalist XXXIX [James Madison], // January 16, 1788 // What Is a Republic? Can It Be Part National, // Part Federal?... 26 // “An Old State Soldier” I, Januar}’ 16, 1788 // “ To Complete the Designs of a War That Ended Many Years Before”... 33 // “Brutus” IX, Januar}’ 17, 1788 // The Dangers of a Standing Army... 40 // “Publius,” The Federalist XLI [James Madison], // January 19, 1788 // On the Powers of the National Government: An Analysis of Annies, Taxation, and the General Welfare Clause. ... 47 // Henry Knox to John Sullivan, January 19, 1788 “Something Must Be Done Speedily”... 57 // IX // x // THE DEBATE ON THE CONSTITUTION // “Americanus” [John Stevens, Jr.] VII, January 21, 1788 // ¦A Refutation of Governor Edmund Randolph’s Objections ... 58

“Publius,” The Federalist XLII [James Madison], // January 22, 1788 // On the Powers of the Federal Government: Relations with Foreign Nations, and Other Provisiotis of Ankle I, // Section 8... 63 // “Publius,” The Federalist XLHI [James Madison], // Januar)’ 23, 1788 // Are Force and Right Necessarily on the Same Side)... 71 // “Centinel” [Samuel Bryan] XII, Januar)’ 23, 1788 // The Federalists’ Conspiracy Detected: “The Most Odious System of Tyranny That Was Ever Projected ... A Crime of the Blackest Dye”... 81 // “Brutus” X, Januar)’ 24, 1788 // “That Dangerous Engine of Despotism a Standing Army” . . 86 // “Publius,” The Federalist XLIV [James Madison], // Januar)’ 25, 1788 // Restraints on the States and a Defense of the “Necessary // and Proper” and “Supreme Law” Clauses... 93 // “Publius,” The Federalist XLV [James Madison], // Januar)’ 26, 1788 // On the Preponderant Power of the States... 101 // On the New Constitution, Januar)’ 28, 1788 “A Mere Disguise for Parliament and King”... 107 // “Publius,” The Federalist XLVI [James Madison], Januar)’ 29, 1788 // Federal Tyranny: “The Incoherent Dream of // a Delirious Jealousy”... 109 // David Ramsay to Benjamin Lincoln, Januar)’ 29, 1788 “Federalism . . . Flos Gained Great Ground”... 117 // John Williams to His Constituents, written Januar)’ 29, 1788, published Februar)’ 25, 1788 // Neiv York’s Advantage in the Present System: Low Taxes ... 119 // CONTENTS

// XI // “Publius,” The Federalist XLVII [James Madison], // Januan’ 30, 1788 // On the Separation of Powers: A Subject Misconceived and Misapplied... 121 // “Brutus” XI, January 31, 1788 The Supreme Court: They Will Mould the Government Into Almost Any Shape They Please... 129 // “Publius,” The Federalist XLVIII [James Madison], // Fcbruarv’ i, 1788 // The Separation of Powers: On the Dangers of Legislative // Usurpation... 136 // “Publius,” The Federalist XLIX [James Madison], // Februar)’ 2, 1788 // On the Dangers of Too Frequent Conventions: Stirring the Public Passions and Attacking the Timidity of Reason ... 142 // “Civis” [David Ramsay] to the Citizens of South Carolina, // February 4,1788 // Advantages for the South... i47 // “Agrippa” [James Winthrop] XVIII, February’ 5, 1788 // Amend the Articles of Confederation cn-Amend the Constitution? Fourteen Conditions for Accepting the Constitution . . . ... 155 // “Publius,” The Federalist LI [James Madison], // February’ 6, 1788 // On the Safety of Multiple Interests: Ambition Will // Counteract Ambition... 163 // “A. ? ” [Francis Hopkinson], The Raising: A New Song for // Federal Mechanics, February’ 6, 1788... 169 // “Brutus” XII, February’ 7 and 14, 1788 On the Power of the Supreme Court: Nothing Can // Stand Before It... 171 // George Washington to the Marquis de Lafayette, // February’ 7, »788 // Two Basic Reasons to Support the Constitution... 178 // Xll // THE DEBATE ON THE CONSTITUTION

// “Publius,” The Federalist LII [James Madison], // Februar)’ 8, 1788 // On the House of Representatives: Electoral Qualifications and Biennial Elections... // “Publius,” The Federalist LHI [James Madison], // February 9, 1788 // On the Frequency of Elections... // William Williams to the Printer, Februar)’ 11, 1788 // To Obtain Blessings from the Most High... // “Publius, ” The Federalist LIV [James Madison], Februar)’ 12, 1788 // Are Slaves Property or Persons?... // “Publius,” The Federalist LV [James Madison], // Februar)’ 13, 1788 // How Large Should the House of Representatives Be? . . . // “Publius,” The Federalist LVI [James Madison], // Februar)’ 16,1788 // “The Sufficiency of a Moderate Humber of Representatives>i... // “Publius,” The Federalist LVII [James Madison], Februar)’ 19, 1788 // Representatives and Their Constituencies: The Chords Which Bind... // Harr)’ Innes to John Brown, February 20, 1788 // The Trans-Appalachian West: “We Shall Be the Mere Vassals of the Congress ... // “Brutus” XIII, February 21, 1788 // The Judicial Power: Can an Individuai Sue a State? . . . // Hugh Williamson’s Speech at Edenton, North Carolina, delivered November 8, 1787, printed Februar)’ 25, 26, 27, 1788 // “General Bankruptcy and Loss of Honor . . . Rejoice in the Prospect of Better Times”... // “Centinel” [Samuel Bryan] XVI, Februar)’ 26, 1788 // A Conspiracy Detected To Obliterate Debts Owed to the Public... // 182 // 187 // •93

196 // 202 // 208 // 213 // 219 // 222 // 227 // 237 // CONTENTS // Xlll // Jeremiah Hill to George Thatcher, c. February 26, 1788 // “Future Grandeur”...241 // “A Deep Laid Scheme to Enslave Us . . . Invented in the // Society of the Cincinnati,” February 27, 1788...243 // “Publius,” The Federalist LXH [James Madison], // February’ 27, 1788 // The Senate Examined...244 // “The Impartial Examiner” I, part 2, February’ 27, 1788 On the Diversity of Interests and the Dangers of Standing Armies and a Supreme Court...251 // Benjamin Rush to Jeremy Belknap, February’ 28, 1788 A Hopeful Future...256 // “Brutus” XIV, February’ 28 and March 6, 1788 The Supreme Court: The Danger of Appellate Jurisdiction. . . 258 // Joseph Spencer to James Madison, Enclosing John Lelands Objections, February’ 28, 1788 // Ten Objections by a Leading Virginia Baptist...267 // Rhode Island’s Assembly Refuses to Call a Convention and Submits the Constitution Directly to the People, // February 29 and March 1, 1788...270 // The Freemen of Providence Submit Eight Reasons for Calling a Convention, March 26, 1788 ... 276 // “A Columbian Patriot” [Mercy’ Otis Warren], Observations on the Constitution, February’ 1788 “The Gulph of Despotism Set Open”...284 // “Giles Hickory’” [Noah Webster] HI, February’ 1788 Liberty Is Never Secured by Paper Declarations...304 // “Publius,” The Federalist LXIII [James Madison], // March i, 1788 // “The Necessity of a Well Constructed Senate”...316

// “Publius,” The Federalist LXV [Alexander Hamilton], // March 7, 1788 // The Senate as the Court for Impeachments...325 // XIV’ // THE DEBATE ON THE CONSTITUTION // John Page to Thomas Jefferson, March 7, 1788 Convincing the Voters... // “Publius,” The Federalist LXVIII [Alexander Hamilton], March 12, 1788 // The Electoral College Will Prevent liCahal, Intrigue and Corruption” in Preside?itial Elections... // “Publius,” The Federalist LXIX [Alexander Hamilton], March 14, 1788 // The Limits of Executive Power... // Publius,” The Federalist LXX [Alexander Hamilton], March 15, 1788 // Executive Energy: Is It Necessary? Safe?... // 331 // 333 // ??8 // 346 // Comte dc Moustier to Comte de Montmorin, // March 16, 1788 // On the Difficulty of Judging What the Outcome Will Be .. . 355 // “Publius,” The Federalist LXXI [Alexander Hamilton], March 18, 1788 // On the Length of the Presidents Term... // “Publius,” The Federalist LXXII [Alexander Hamilton], March 19, 1788 // Should the President Be Eligible for Reelection? . . . . // “A Freeman” to the Freeholders and Freemen of Rhode Island, March 20, 1788 // The British and American Constitutions Contrasted... 368 // “Brutus” XV, March 20, 1788 The Supreme Court: “No Power Above Them That Can Controul Their Decisions, or Correa Their Errors”... 272 // “Publius,” The Federalist LXXIV [Alexander Hamilton], March 25, 1788 // The Presidents Pardoning Power: To “Restore the Tranquility of the Commonwealth”...

// James Madison to Eliza House Trist, March 25, 1788 Madison’s Eira “Harangue ... In the Open Air” ... // CONTENTS // XV // “Publius,” The Federalist LXXV [Alexander Hamilton], // March 26, 1788 // Why Both the President and the Senate Have Treaty-Making Power...383 // “Publius,” The Federalist LXXVI [Alexander Hamilton], // April i, 1788 // On Executive Appointments: Why the President and the // Senate Together?...389 // “Publius,” The Federalist LXXVII [Alexander Hamilton], // April 2, 1788 // Executive Powers: Energy and Safety Combined...395 // “K ” [Benjamin Franklin] to the Editor, April 8, 1788 // The Antifederalists Compared with the Ancient Jews as Rejectors of Divine Constitutions...401 // “To Be or Not To Be? Is the Question,” April 16, 1788 ... 406 // “Fabius” [John Dickinson], “Observations on the // Constitution Proposed by the Federal Convention” HI, // April 17, 1788 // Freedom and Society : On the Necessity of Sacrificing Separate Rights for the Good of All...408 // “Plough Jogger,” April 17,1788 // Too Little Virtue for a Mild Government...4«4 // Benjamin Rush to David Ramsay, April 19, 1788 // Against Simple Democracies and Bills of Rights: Only // Representation and Checks Can Guarantee Liberty ... 417 // George Washington to John Armstrong, April 25,1788 // On Amendments and the Value of a Formidable Oppositioti. . 420 // “Fabius” [John Dickinson], “Observations on the // Constitution Proposed by the Federal Convention”

VIII, // April 29,1788 // On the Safety of an Extensive Republican Empire...424 // A Grand Procession in Honor of Ratification, May 6, 1788 // “The Most Interesting Scene Ever Exhibited in this // Part of the World”... 430 // XVI // THE DEBATE ON THE CONSTITUTION // J. Hector St. John Crčvecocur to Comte dc la Luzerne, // May 16, 1788 // Dismal Prospects for the New Union...439 // James Madison to George Nicholas, May 17, 1788 // The Constitution and the Development of the American West...443 // “An American” [Tench Coxe], May 21, 1788 // Virginia’s Power Under the Constitution and the Dangers of Failing to Ratify: Advice from a Respectful Countryman . . 451 // Richard Henry’ Lee to Edmund Pendleton, May 26, 1788 // To Guarantee Essential Rights: A Scheme fin- Amending the Constitution...462 // “Publius,” The Federalist LXXVIII [Alexander Hamilton], // May 28, 1788 // On the bidependence of fudges and Judicial Renew...467 // “Publius,” The Federalist LXXX [Alexander Hamilton], // May 28, 1788 // On the Rounds and Jurisdiction of the Federal Courts ... 476 // “Publius,” The Federalist LXXXI [Alexander Hamilton], // May 28, 1788 // On the Supposed Danger of the Supreme Court Legislating and Recoming “Uncontrolable and Remediless”...483 // “Publius,” The Federalist LXXXII [Alexander Hamilton], // May 28, 1788 // State and Federal Courts: Concurrent Jurisdictions?...493 // “Publius,” The Federalist LXXXV [Alexander Hamilton], // May 28, 1788 // Some

Final Thoughts...498 // David Ramsay’s Oration at Charleston, South Carolina, delivered May 27, 1788, printed June 5, 1788 // “Heaven Smiled on Their Deliberations, and Inspired Their Councils with a Spirit of Conciliation”...506 // Simeon Baldwin’s Oration at New Haven, July 4, 1788 // “ This Monument of Wisdom . . . the Foundation of a Glomus Empire”...5I4 // CONTENTS // xvii // “Phocion ” July 17,1788 // On the Economic Advantages of Union: Providence Will Be A nother A ntwerp, Newport A nother Brest... 526 // “Solon, Junior” [David Howell], August 9, 1788 The Spirit of the Times: Greater Than Laws and Constitutioiis... 533 // The Ratifications and Resolutions of Seven State Conventions, Februar}’ 6-August 2,1788 Principles Affirmed and Amendtnents Proposed... 536 // DEBATES IN THE STATE RATIFYING CONVENTIONS // South Carolina Ratifying Convention, May 12-24, 1788 // Charles Cotesworth Pinckney Explains America’s Unique // Structure of Freedom, May 14, 1788...577 // Pŕtrick Dollard Fears a Corrupt, Despotic Aristocracy ... 592 // Virginia Ratifying Convention, June 2-27, 1788 // Patrick Henry’s Opening Speech: A Wrong Step Now and // the Republic Will Be Lost Forever, June 4, 1788...595 // Governor Edmund Randolph Explains Why He Now Supports the Constitution with Amendments, // June 4, 1788...$98 // George Mason Fears for the Rights of the People, // June 4, 1788...605 // James Madison Replies to Patrick Henry, Defending the // Taxing Power and Explaining

Federalism, June 6, 1788 . . 611 // Patrick Henry Replies to Governor Randolph, June 7, 1788 . . 623 // Henry Lee’s Sharp Reply to Pŕtrick Henry’s Attacks // on the Constitution, June 9,1788...637 // James Madison on Direct Taxation by the Federal // Government, June 11, 1788...649 // XVlll // THE DEBATE ON THE CONSTITUTION // James Madison on Gmeurrent Taxation and the Future of // the American West, June 12,1788...664 // Patrick Henry’ Elaborates His Main Objections, and James // Madison Responds, June 12, 1788...673 // James Monroe Questions James Madison on Congressional Control of Elections to the House and Senate, // June 14, 1788...693 // Patrick Henry’s Objections to a National Army and James // Madison’s Reply, June 16, 1788...695 // Patrick Henry’ and James Madison Debate Constructive // Rights and the Uses of the Militia, June 16, 1788 ... 701 // George Mason and James Madison Debate the Slave-Trade // Clause, June 17, 1788...706 // Governor Edmund Randolph on die “Necessary’ and Proper” Clause, Implied Pbwers, and Bills of Rights, // June 17, 1788...709 // George Mason on the President: He Will Serve for Life and // Be Corrupted by Foreign Powers, June 17,1788...718 // George Mason Fears the Power of the Federal Courts: What // Will Be Left to the States? June 19, 1788...720 // John Marshall on the Fairness and Jurisdiction of the // Federal Courts, June 20, 1788...730 // John Dawson’s Fears for the Future, June 24, 1788...742 // Zachariah Johnston,

“of the Middle Rank,” Favors Ratification Without Previous Amendments, // June 25, 1788...751 // Neiv York Ratifying Convention, June 17-July 26, 1788 // Mclancton Smith and Alexander Hamilton Debate Representation, Aristocracy, and Interests, // June 21, 1788...757 // Robert R. Livingston, Mclancton Smith, and John Jay Debate Aristocracy, Representation, and Corruption, // June 23, 1788...776 // CONTENTS // XIX // Gilbert Livingston Warns Against Giving the Senate Power // Too Profusely, June 24, 1788...789 // Robert R. Livingston Replies to Gilbert Livingston’s // “Dreamings of a Distempered Fancy," June 24, 1788 ... 792 // Alexander Hamilton Defends the Senate: A Small, // Independent, Discerning Body to Check the Passions // of the People, June 24, 1788...795 // Mclancton Smith and Alexander Hamilton Debate Rotation // in the Senate, June 25, 1788...803 // Mclancton Smith Fears the Federal Taxing Power and the Capacity of Any Free Government to Rule So Vast a Nation, June 27, 1788...816 // Mclancton Smith Writes to Nathan Dane, Reconsidering His // Position on Ratification and Amendments, June 28, 1788 . 822 // Alexander Hamilton Discusses Federal Taxation and Denies That His Views Are Influenced by Personal Ambition, // June 28, 1788...824 // Roben R. Livingston Compares Antifederalists to “Children // Making Bubbles with a Pipe," July 1, 1788...836 // Mclancton Smith Mocks Robert R. Livingston’s “Comic Talents" and Replies to His “Misrepresentation,”

July 2, 1788...841 // Nathan Dane Writes to Mclancton Smith, Recommending // That New York Unconditionally Ratify, July 3, 1788 . . . 844 // Mclancton Smith Replies to Nathan Dane, Agreeing with // His Arguments, c. July 15, 1788...851 // Mclancton Smith Speaks in Support of Ratification Without // Condition, July 23, 1788...852 // North Carolina Ratifying Convention, July zi-August 4, 17S8 // Five Speakers Debate Congressional Control of // Congressional Elections, July 25, 1788...854 // The Debate on Congressional Elections Continued: Britain // and America Contrasted, July 25, 1788...861 // XX // THE DEBATE ON THE CONSTITUTION // James Iredell on the Necessity for a Peacetime Army, // July 26, 1788... 864 // James Iredell on the Presidency, Spies, the Pardoning Ibwer, // and Impeachment, July 28, 1788... 870 // Samuel Spencer Objects to the Powers of the Senate and // Fears It Will Control the President, July 28, 1788 ... 879 // James Iredell on Impeachment: “It Must Be for an Error of // the Heart, and Not of the Head,” July 28,1788...882 // Samuel Spencer and William R. Davie Debate the Need for a Bill of Rights and the Jurisdiction of the Federal Courts, // July 29, 1788... 888 // Andrew Bass Thinks the Constitution Is “Uncommonly Difficult, or Absolutely Unintelligible”; Maclaine and Iredell Respond, July 29, 1788... 897 // James Iredell and Timothy Blood worth Debate the // Supremacy of the Constitution and of Federal Law, // July 29, 1788... 899 // Henry Abbot

and James Iredell Debate the Ban on Religious // Tests: Could Not the Pope Be President? July 30, 1788 . . 902 // Rev. David Caldwell and Samuel Spencer Continue the // Debate on Religious Toleration, July 30, 1788... 908 // James Iredell Urges Ratification, and a Vote Is Taken, // July 30, 1788... 910 // APPENDIX // The Declaration of Independence... 921 // The Articles of Confederation... 926 // Letter from the Constitutional Convention // to the President of Congress... 937 // Resolutions of the Convention Concerning the Ratification // and Implementation of the Constitution... 939 // The Constitution // 940 // CONTENTS xxi // Biographical Notes...967 // Chronology of Events 1774 -1804...1025 // Notes on State Constitutions, 1776-90...1087 // Note on the Texts...1093 // Notes . . ... 1105 // Index...1159