.

0 (hodnocen0 x )

(9) Půjčeno:6x 

BK

2nd ed.

London : Routledge, c1995

xv,217 s. : il.

ISBN 0-415-08443-1 (brož.)

Obsahuje mapky, tabulky, úvod, bibliografické citace, rejstřík

Geografie zemědělská - pojednání

000041154

Contents // List of figures xi // List of tables xiv // Acknowledgements xvi // 1 Introduction 1 // A definition of agriculture 2 // Approaches to description 4 // Approaches to explanation 5 // Purpose and pattern 7 // 2 The biology of agriculture 9 // Food chains 9 // Crop productivity 11 // Perennials and annuals 12 // The biology of livestock 13 // Pests and diseases 15 // Conclusions 17 // 3 Climate and crops 19 // Optimum growth 19 // Optimum areas and competing crops 21 // Net photosynthesis 24 // Temperature 24 // Moisture 29 // Grass and cereals in England and Wales 31 // Crop diversity in West Africa 35 // Conclusions 1 // 4 Soils and the farmer 40 // The edaphic optimum 40 // Criticisms of the edaphic optimum concept 41 // Soil characteristics and agriculture 41 // Plant nutrient and fertility 43 // viii Contents // Farming systems and fertility 43 // Soil type and the distribution of arable land 46 // Conclusions 49 // 5 Slopes, altitude and agriculture 51 / Iti tu de 51 // Slopes and agriculture 54 // Slopes and water 55 // Slopes, water and wet-rice 56 // Conclusions SI // 6 The demand for agricultural products 59 // Human food requirements 59 // Income and food requirements 61 // Low incomes and the starchy staple ratio 62 // Higher incomes and changing demand 64 // Tastes and preferences 66 // Industrial demand for agricultural products 67 // The implications of variations in demand 67 // 7 The economic behaviour of farmers 69 // The economic distinctiveness of agriculture 69 // The economic behaviour of commercial farmers 71 // The economic behaviour of subsistence farmers 81 // Conclusions 82 // 8 The modernization of agriculture 84 // The extent of subsistence farming 84 // The purchase of inputs 86 // Power and machinery 87 // Commercial fertilisers 91 // Modem crop varieties 91 // Insecticides, fungicides and herbicides 94 // Irrigation 94 // Difference in land productivity 95 //

The processing of farm and food output 98 // Economic development and agricultural productivity 99 // Conclusion 100 // 9 The state and the farmer 101 // Reasons for government intervention 101 // Methods of intervention 103 // Sugar-beet and sugar-cane 105 // Cotton in the USA 106 // The Common Agricultural Policy of the European Community 107 // Land colonisation and land reform 110 // Conclusions 111 // Contents ix // 10 Markets and transport 113 // \ ron ThUneris rings 113 // The intensity theory 114 // The crop theory 114 // Changing technology and von Th linen’s model 117 // Modem modifications of von Thiinen 118 // Testing von Thiinen 119 // Distance and farming today 120 // Conclusion 126 // 11 Agriculture in peri-urban regions 128 // The loss of farmland 129 // The anticipation of urban expansion 129 // Land use and farm enterprises 131 // Farm si%e and landoumership 131 // The disadvantages of peri-urban farming 133 // Peri-urban farming in the USA 133 // Conclusion 135 // 12 Population, labour supply and agriculture 137 // Agriculture and economic development 137 // Agriculture and population in developing countries 141 // Subsistence communities in the tropics 145 // Density and farming in West Africa 145 // Multiple cropping 146 // Characteristics of areas of high population densities 147 // Agricultural characteristics of regions of high population and growth 148 // Agricultural change in regions of declining agricultural labour force 151 // Conclusions 158 // 13 Farm size and landownership 160 // The si%e of farms 160 // The layout of farms 165 // Landoumership and farming 168 // The modernisation of agriculture and the organisation of production 170 // Conclusion 171 // 14 The diffusion of agricultural innovations 173 // Social diffusion 173 // Spatial diffusion 176 // The domestication of plants and their present distribution 176 // The diffusion of hybrid com in the USA 178 //

The diffusion of cattle: Herefords and the Aberdeen Angus 179 // The Green Revolution in Asia 180 // Conclusions 184 // x Contents // 15 The cultural framework of farming 186 // Ethnic factors and farming 186 // Religion and crops 188 // Religion and livestock 190 // Conclusions 195 // 16 Agriculture and the environment 197 // Deforestation 198 // Land degradation: soil erosion 202 // Land degradation: salinity and alkalinity 204 // Desertification 205 // Modem farming and the environment 207 // Towards sustainable agriculture 209 // 17 Conclusions 212 // Index 213