.

0 (hodnocen0 x )

(4) Půjčeno:4x 

BK

2nd ed.

Cambridge : Cambridge University, 1997

xvi,201 s.

ISBN 0-521-59825-7 (brož.)

Obsahuje rejstřík.

Bibliografie: s. 180-196.

Intonace - jazyky - výklady odborné

000041627

CONTENTS // A cknowledgements xi // Preface xiii // Transcriptions XV // 1 PRELIMINARIES 1 // 1.1 Prosodic features 1 // 1.1.1 Length, loudness, and pitch 2 // 1.1.1.1 Length 2 // 1.1.1.2 Loudness 2 // 1.1.1.3 Pitch 3 // 1.1.1.4 Summary 5 // 1.2 Auditory and instrumental 5 // 1.3 Prominence 6 // 1.4 Intonation 7 // 1.5 Tone languages 8 // 1.6 Pitch accent languages 10 // 1.7 Summary 12 // Sources and further reading 12 // 2 STRESS, ACCENT, AND RHYTHM 13 // 2.1 Stress and accent 13 // 2.2 Word-stress 14 // 2.2.1 English word-stress 15 // 2.3 Degrees of stress/accent 17 // 2.4 Rhythm 20 // 2.5 Prosodic hierarchies 22 // 2.6 Summary 25 // Sources and further reading 25 // vii // Contents // 3 THE FORMS OF INTONATION 26 // 3.1 The historical background to intonational studies 26 // 3.2 Intonation-groups 29 // 3.2.1 Pause 30 // 3.2.2 Other boundary markers 32 // 3.2.3 Internal structure as group marker 35 // 3.2.4 Problems in group delimitation 35 // 3.3 Contours and levels 38 // 3.4 Pitch accents and nucleus 40 // 3.5 Accent range, key, and register 44 // 3.6 Whole tunes and nuclear tones 47 // 3.7 English nuclear tones 50 // 3.8 Pre-nuclear pitch accents 54 // 3.9 Alternatives to nuclear tones 55 // 3.9.1 Autosegmental approaches (1) 56 // 3.9.2 Autosegmental approaches (2) 59 // 3.10 Summary and preview 66 // Sources and further reading 66 // 4 THE FUNCTIONS OF INTONATION 68 // 4.1 Introduction 68 // 4.2 Intonation-groups 68 // 4.3 Nucleus placement 73 // 4.3.1 Broad focus 74

// 4.3.2 Narrow focus 80 // 4.3.3 New and old information 81 // 4.3.3.1 Contrastivity 82 // 4.3.3.2 Echoes 84 // 4.3.3.3 Insists 85 // 4.3.4 ‘Normal stress’ 86 // 4.4 English nuclear tones 87 // 4.4.1 Local meanings 91 // 4.4.1.1 Falls 91 // 4.4.1.2 Rises (dependent) 93 // 4.4.1.3 Rises (independent) 97 // 4.4.1.4 Tonal sequences 103 // 4.4.2 Conditioning factors 104 // 4.4.3 Abstract meanings 106 // 4.4.3.1 A two-tone approach 106 // 4.4.3.2 A three-tone approach 108 // vin // Contents // 4.4.3.3 A compositional approach 110 // 4.4.4 Tonal features 114 // 4.4.4.1 Accent range 115 // 4.4.4.2 Complexity 117 // 4.4.4.3 Stylisation 119 // 4.4.4.4 Declination and downstep 120 // 4.5 Key and register 123 // 4.6 Summary 125 // Sources and further reading 125 // 5 COMPARATIVE INTONATION 128 // 5.1 Introduction 128 // 5.2 Style, class, and sex 128 // 5.3 Dialectal variation 131 // 5.3.1 British English 133 // 5.3.2 Variation in English dialects outside Britain 136 // 5.4 Cross-linguistic comparisons 138 // 5.4.1 Comparative intonation-groupings 139 // 5.4.2 Comparative nucleus placement 139 // 5.4.3 Comparative tone: alternative models 144 // 5.4.4 Comparative tone: basic typology 149 // 5.4.4.1 Declaratives 151 // 5.4.4.2 Yes/no interrogatives 155 // 5.4.4.3 Question word interrogatives 159 // 5.4.4.4 Imperatives and exclamatives 160 // 5.4.4.5 Pre-nuclear accents 160 // 5.4.4.6 Stereotyped patterns and chants 161 // 5.5 Intonational universal 161 // 5.5.1 Declination 162 // 5.5.2 Tonal

universal 163 // 5.6 Intonational change 164 // 5.7 Intonation acquisition 166 // 5.8 Summary 169 // Sources and further reading 169 // 6 CONSPECTUS 172 // 6.1 Prosodic, paralinguistic, and extralinguistic 172 // 6.1.1 Prosodic features 173 // 6.1.2 Paralinguistic effects 174 // 6.2 Intonation and punctuation 175 // ix // Contents // 6.3 Intonation and gesture 177 // 6.4 State-of-the-art 178 // Sources and further reading 178 // References 180 // Index 197 // x