.

0 (hodnocen0 x )

BK

Pacific Grove : Brooks/Cole, c2000

xiv,593 s. : il.

ISBN 0-534-94965-7 (váz.)

Obsahuje ilustrace, předmluvu, jmenný a věcný rejstřík, údaje o autorovi

Bibliografie: s. 549-578

Inteligence umělá - pojednání

Znalosti - filozofie - pojednání

000048654

Preface Xi // CHAPTER ONE // Logic Ń– // 1.1 Historical Background i // 1.2 Representing Knowledge in Logic n // 1.3 Varieties of Logic i8 // 1.4 Names, Types, and Measures 29 // 1.5 Unity Amidst Diversity 39 // CHAPTER TWO // Ontology 51 // 2.1 Ontological Categories 51 // 2.2 Philosophical Background 55 // 2.3 Top-Level Categories 67 // 2.4 Describing Physical Entities 78 // 2.5 Defining Abstractions 89 // 2.6 Sets, Collections, Types, and Categories 97 // 2.7 Space and Time 109 // VII // vin Đł* // CONTENTS // CHAPTER THREE // Knowledge Representations 132 // 3.1 Knowledge Engineering 132 // 3.2 Representing Structure in Frames 143 // 3.3 Rules and Data 156 // 3.4 Object-Oriented Systems 169 // 3.5 Natural Language Semantics 178 // 3.6 Levels of Representation 186 // CHAPTER FOUR // Processes 206 // 4.1 Times, Events, and Situations 206 // 4.2 Classification of Processes 213 // 4.3 Procedures, Processes, and Histories 217 // 4.4 Concurrent Processes 223 // 4.5 Computation 232 // 4.6 Constraint Satisfaction 239 // 4.7 Change 245 // CHAPTER FIVE // Purposes, Contexts, and Agents 265 // 5.1 Purpose 265 // 5.2 Syntax of Contexts 274 // 5.3 Semantics of Contexts 284 // 5.4 First-Order Reasoning in Contexts 297 // 5.5 Modal Reasoning in Contexts 307 // 5.6 Encapsulating Objects in Contexts 321 // 5.7 Agents 330 // chapter six // Knowledge Soup 348 // 6.1 Vagueness, Uncertainty, Randomness, and 348 Ignorance // 6.2 Limitations of Logic 356

// 6.3 Fuzzy Logic 364 // 6.4 Nonmonotonic Logic 373 // 6.5 Theories, Models, and the World 383 // 6.6 Semiotics 394 // CHAPTER SEVEN // Knowledge Acquisition and Sharing 408 // 7.1 Sharing Ontologies 408 // 7.2 Conceptual Schema 417 // 7.3 Accommodating Multiple Paradigms 427 // 7.4 Relating Different Knowledge Representations 438 // 7.5 Language Patterns 445 // 7.6 Tools for Knowledge Acquisition 452 // APPENDIX A // Summary of Notations 467 // A. 1 Predicate Calculus 467 // A.2 Conceptual Graphs 476 // A.3 Knowledge Interchange Format 489 // APPENDIX B// Sample Ontology 492 // B.l Principles of Ontology 492 // B.2 Top-Level Categories 497 // B.3 Role and Relation Types 502 // B.4 Thematic Roles 506 // B.5 Placement of the Thematic Roles 510 // appendix C // Extended Example 513 // C.l Hotel Reservation System 513 // C.2 Library Database 515 // C.3 ACE Vocabulary 518 // C.4 Translating ACE to Logic 518 // Ń– // Answers to Selected Exercises 522 // Bibliography 549 Name Index 574 Subject Index 579 Special Symbols 594