.

0 (hodnocen0 x )

BK

Brno : Univerzita Jana Evangelisty Purkyně, c1988

ISBN 80-210-0062-7

000092074

Rekat.

PREFACE (R. Brázdil) 5 // PŘEDMLUVA (R. Brázdil) 7 // 1. ORGANIZATION AND ACTIVITY OF THE GEOGRAPHICAL EXPEDITION ON “SPITSBERGEN ’85” (R. Brázdil, J. Elementowski, M. Konecný, J. Piasecki, P. Prosek, A. Szcze-pankiewicz-Szmyrka) 11 // 2. PHYSICAL-GEOGRAPHICAL CONDITIONS OF THE WERENSKIOLD GLACIER REGION 25 // 2.1. Fundamental geographical facts (R. Brázdil) 25 // 2.2. History of discoveries and exploitations of the Hornsund region (R. Brázdil) 28 // References 32 // 2.3. Geology, geomorphology and glaciology 32 // 2.3.1. Pre-Quarternary geology (H. Chmal) 32 // 2.3.2. Geomorphology (M. Konečný) 35 // 2.3.2.1. Denudational forms 35 // 2.3.2.2. Glacial forms 40 // 2.3.2.3. Fluovioglacial and fluvial forms 41 // 2.3.2.4. Forms of marine origin 43 // 2.3.2.5. Nival and cryogene forms 45 // 2.3.2.6. Biogene forms 47 // 2.3.3. Glaciology (H. Chmal, M. Sobik) 49 // 2.3.3.1. Morphometry of glaciers and its changes 49 // 2.3.3.2. Snow accumulation 52 // 2.3.3.3. Ablation 53 // 2.3.3.4. Thermal regime // 2.3.3.5. Movement // References // 2.4. Climatology (J. Pereyma) // 2.4.1. General circulation conditions in the region of the southern Spitsbergen // 2.4.2. Air pressure and wind // 2.4.3. Radiation conditions // 2.4.4. Temperature conditions // 2.4.5. Air humidity // 2.4.6. Precipitation 65 // 2.4.7. Conclusion 68 // References 68 // 2.5. Hydrology (J. Kida, J. Piasecki) 69 // 2.5.1. Introduction 69 // 2.5.2. Morphological and hydrological characterization of the catchments 72 // 2.5.2. L The Werenskiold Glacier catchment 72 // 2.5.2.2. The Brattegg River catchment 75 // 2.5.3. Characterization of the hydrological regime in the Werenskiold Glacier and Brattegg River catchments 77 // 2.5.3.1. The Glacial River of the Werenskiold Glacier catchment 77 // 2.5.3.2. The Brattegg River 32 // References 33 //

2.6. Flora and fauna (R. Brázdil, J. Klementowski, P. Prosek) 87 // 2.6.1. Flora 87 // 2.6.1.1. Flora of the periglacial tundra 88 // 2.6.1.1.1. Mosses 89 // 2.6.1.1.2. Lichens 90 // 2.6.1.1.3. Higher fungi 96 // 2.6.1.1.4. Vascular plants 96 // 2.6.1.2. Floral migration on the forefield of glaciers and the age of fossil tundra 102 // 2.6.2. Fauna 105 // 2.6.2.1. Avifauna 105 // 2.6.2.2. Mammals 110 // References 114 // 3. THE RESULTS OF THE EXPEDITION “SPITSBERGEN’85” ?5 // 3.1. Characterization of the weather conditions in the summer-autumn season of 1985 in the Werenskiold Glacier region (R. Brázdil, J. Piasecki, P. Prosek, A. Szcze-pankiewicz-Szmyrka) 115 // 3.1.1. Introduction 115 // 3.1.2. The methods of measurements and observation data 116 // 3.1.3. Air and water mass circulation 118 // 3.1.4. Characteristics of selected meteorological elements 128 // 3.1.4.1. Atmospheric pressure and wind 128 // 3.1.4.2. Radiation conditions 133 // 3.1.4.3. Air temperature 135 // 3.1.4.4. Air humidity 136 // 3.1.4.5. Precipitation I37 // 3.1.4.6. Potential and field evaporation 139 // 3.1.5. Conclusion 140 // References 141 // 3.2. Biometeorological conditions in the summer-autumn period of 1985 in the Werenskiold Glacier region (A. Szczepankiewicz-Szmyrka) 142 // 3.2.1. Introduction 142 // 3.2.2. Biometeorological conditions in the light of some meteorological elements 142 // 3.2.3. Biometeorological conditions in the light of chosen complex indices 147 // 3.2.4. Conclusion 152 // References 152 // 3.3. Temperature conditions and energy balance of the active surface of a moraine and marine terrace in the Werenskiold Glacier area (R. Brázdil, J. Piasecki, P. Prosek, A. Szczepankiewicz-Szmyrka) 152 // 3.3.1. Introduction 152 // 3.3.2. Methods of field measurements 153 // 3.3.3. Temperature conditions of the moraine and sorted circle 160 //

3.3.4. Energy balance of active layers of the moraine and sorted circle 167 // 3.3.5. Dependence of the temperature of the active layer of permafrost on the energy balance of its active surface 174 // 3.3.6. The active layer of permafrost and its seasonal dynamics 178 // 3.3.7. Conclusion 185 // References 186 // 3.4. The topoclimatic differentiation of the Werenskiold Glacier and Bratteggdalen regions (R. Brázdil, J. Piasecki, P. Prosek, A. Szczepankiewicz-Szmyrka) 187 // 3.4.1. Introduction 187 // 3.4.2. Methods of measurements and observation material 188 // 3.4.3. The topoclimatic differentiation of the Werenskiold Glacier basin 193 // 3.4.4. The topoclimatic differentiation of Bratteggdalen 200 // 3.4.5. Conclusion 209 // References 210 // 3.5. The flows of the Glacial and Brattegg Rivers and the characterization of the Brattegg River catchment in the summer-autumn season of 1985 (R. Brázdil, J. Piasecki, P. Prosek) 210 // 3.5.1. Introduction 210 // 3.5.2. Methods of the investigations 211 // 3.5.3. General characterization of discharges and water stages in the rivers in the Werenskiold Glacier region 214 // 3.5.3.1. The Glacial River 214 // 3.5.3.2. The Brattegg River 216 // 3.5.4. The hydrological regime of streams in the Werenskiold Glacier and Brattegg River catchments in the ablation season of 1985 218 // 3.5.4.1. The Werenskiold Glacier catchment 218 // 3.5.4.2. The Brattegg River catchment 222 // 3.5.5. Conclusion 225 // References 227 // 3.6. Effect of the snow patch at Gulliksenfjeilet on the surroundings (R. Brázdil, M. Konečný, P. Prosek) 228 // 3.6.1. Introduction 228 // 3.6.2. Description of the snow patch and its environment, methods of measurement 229 // 3.6.3. Changes in the area, thickness and morphology of the snow patch 234 // 3.6.4. Inner snow patch structure and snow density 241 //

3.6.5. Morphological effects of the snow patch on its surroundings 242 // 3.6.6. Effects of the snow patch on the regime of meteorological elements 246 // 3.6.7. Conclusion 253 // References 253 // 3.7. Some aspects of nival morphology on the exterior border of the terminal moraine of Werenskiold Glacier (J. Kida, M. Konečný) 254 // 3.7.1. Introduction 254 // 3.7.2. Location and character of snow patches 255 // 3.7.3. Degradation effect of snow patches on ice-moraine ridges 257 // 3.7.4. Problem of the origin and degradation of nival moraines 266 // References 270 // 3.8. Genesis and development of hydrolaccoliths in the region between Werenskiold and Hans Glaciers during 1974-1985 (J. Klementowski, M. Konečný) 272 // 3.8.1. Introduction 272 // 3.8.2. Outline of existing opinions and conceptions of the genesis of hydrolaccoliths 272 // 3.8.3. Description of the studied hydrolaccoliths 275 // 3.8.4. Genesis and development of hydrolaccoliths 278 // 3.8.5. Processes of hydrolaccolith degradation 280 // 3.8.6. Rate of the genesis and degradation of hydrolaccoliths 282 // 3.8.7. Conclusion 283 // References 284 // 4. VARIATION OF AIR TEMPERATURE AND ATMOSPHERIC PRECIPITATION IN THE REGION OF SVALBARD (R. Brázdil) 285 // 4.1. Introduction 285 // 4.2. Information about the meteorological regime of Svalbard up to the beginning of regular meteorological observations 287 // 4.3. Regular meteorological observations in the region of Svalbard 288 // 4.4. Variation of air temperature in the region of Svalbard with respect to temperature changes in the Arctic region and on the Northern Hemisphere 294 // 4.5. Variation of atmospheric precipitation in the region of Svalbard 303 // 4.6. Cyclicity of air temperature and atmospheric precipitation in the region of Svalbard 307 // 4.6.1. The cyclicity of series of mean annual temperatures and annual precipitation sums 308 //

4.6.2. The cyclicity of series of mean monthly air temperatures and monthly precipitation sums 310 // 4.7. Conclusion 318 // References 321 // 5. CONCLUSION (R. Brázdil, M Konečný, P. Prosek) 325