.

0 (hodnocen0 x )

(3) Půjčeno:3x 

BK

1st publ.

Cambridge : Cambridge University, 1995

viii,293 s.

ISBN 0-521-28949-1 (brož.)

Obsahuje rejstřík.

Sémantika - učebnice vysokošk.

000098020

Preface page vii // Acknowledgements viii // 1 Basic ideas in semantics 1 // UNIT 1 : About semantics 1 // UNIT 2: Sentences, utterances, and propositions 15 // UNIT 3 : Reference and sense 25 // 2 From reference ... 34 // UNIT 4 : Referring expressions 34 // UNIT 5: Predicates 42 // UNIT 6: Predicates, referring expressions, and universe of discourse 53 // UNIT?: Deixis and definiteness 62 // UNIT 8: Words and things: extensions and prototypes 76 // 3 ... to sense 89 // UNIT 9 : Sense properties and stereotypes 89 // UNITIO: Sense relations (1) 101 // UNIT 11 : Sense relations (2) 113 // 4 Logic 130 // UNIT 12: About logic 130 // UNIT 13: A notation for simple propositions 140 // UNIT 14: Connectives: and and or 150 // UNIT 15: More connectives 165 // 5 Word meaning 177 // UNIT 16: About dictionaries 177 // UNIT 17 : Meaning postulates 187 // UNIT 18: Properties of predicates 198 // UNIT 19: Derivation 205 // UNIT 20: Participant roles 219 // 6 Interpersonal meaning 232 // UNIT 21 : Speech acts 232 // UNIT 22: Perlocutions and illocutions 240 // UNIT 23: Felicity conditions 250 // UNIT 24: Direct and indirect illocutions 257 // UNIT 25: Propositions and illocutions 268 // UNIT 26: Conversational implicature 278 // Index 289

INDEX :  adjectives 45,49-51 effected 220-221-31 agent 220-31 ambiguity 121-122-9, 135, 157-8, 171-2 ambiguity (lexical) 128 ambiguity (structural) 128, 157-8, 171 analytic sentence 91-92-5, 133, 185-6, 200-1 and 151-6,159-60 anomaly 191-3 antonymy 95,114-21, 209, binary 114-16,189, 194, 209 argument of a predicate 45, 47-8,140—1, 145 Aristotle 13 articles (definite and indefinite) 10, 45, 70, 73-4, 141 assertion 19, 21, 233, 235-6, 264 asymmetric predicate 199-200 Austin 239 be 44,51-2,141,143-4 beneficiary 224-5,227-9 biconditional 174-5 but 159-60 cancellation of implicature 287-8 causative 209-210-13,215-17 clarity 282, 284 cognitive (or conceptual) meaning 102 commissive 262-7,271-2 communication 3, 7, 94, 277 comparative 209,215,217 compositionality of meaning 164 conclusion (of an argument) 138 conjunctions {and, but, or) 10, 45,133-4 connectives 134,151-64, 166-76,189 constative 236 context (of an utterance) 68-72, 80, 91,196-7 contradiction 93,133, 186, 191-3, 201, 288 contradictory 119-21, 199, 202 conversational implicature see implicature converse 116, 194, 209 cooperative principle (ine. helpfulness) 260-1, 280-8 declarative sentences 19, 21, 240-2, 254 deduction 189,191-3 definiteness (and definite noun phrases) 37, 41, 54,68-71-5 definitions 96-8,179-82 degree (of predicates) 47 -51 deictic words see deixis deixis 63-8, 91 de Morgan’s Laws 167-9 denotation 87 descriptive fallacy 233 derivation 205-206-18 dialect 32 dictionary 97,177-184, 187-97, 198-204, 205- 18,219-31 direct illocution 257-259-67, 269, 273 directive 262-5,269-71 encyclopaedia 184-6 entailment 107-12, 154-5,199, 202, 278-80, 283,286 equative sentence 40, 51,143-4 equivalence relation 204 extension (of a predicate) 78-85, 87, 95-7, 99, 106,147-8 felicity conditions 250-251-6, 261, 264 Frege 33 generic sentence 56-7, 137

gradable predicates (and gradable antonyms) 111,118,196-7,209 grammar (ine. syntax) 136-7, 142,146,177, 206- 8, 210-11, 213-14, 222-6 Grice 288 homonymy 123-5,182 hyponymy 95, 105-107,109-12,18794 289 Index identifying the referent of a referring expression 54-5,63-4,71,73 identity (relation) 40, 51,143-5 if see biconditional, conditional illocution 240-244-9,251-6,257-67, 268-77 immediate situation of utterance 69 imperative sentences 21, 94, 240-2, 254 implicature 278-88 inchoative 209-210,212-13,215 incompatibility (multiple) 117-21 indefiniteness (and indefinite noun phrases) 35-6,41,54-5,70-2 indirect iHocution 257-259-267, 269-70, 273, 278 inference, logical rule of 138-9, 153-6,158, 169,173-5,189 inference (general) 279-80 information (and informativeness) 4-5, 94, 201, 220, 282-4 instrument 220-221-31 interrogative sentences 21, 94, 240-2, 254 intransitive predicate 202-3 irreflexive predicate 201 location 224-5,228-31 logic 131-9,140-9,151-64,166-76, 240 logical notation 135-7,140-9, 221-2 logical vocabulary 133-4 material implication 173 meaning postulate 188-97, 199, 215-16, 229 metaphor 191 modus ponens 138,173-4 modus tollens 173-4 morphology 206-11,213-16 name 133,141,144-6 natural class of predicates 181-2 natural kinds 84 necessary condition 95-7,183 negation 93,110,119,133-4,166-70 not see negation nouns 9, 10,45,50-1,78 opacity (and opaque contexts) 38-40 or 155-8,160 ostensive definitions 86 paraphrase 104-5, 108-9, 121, 167-8 participant roles 219-31 performative 235-237—39 perlocution 240-243-9 phonic act 248-9 polysemy 123-5,182-3 predicate 43-46, 56,103,123, 133-4,142, 179, 181, 184, 187-97, 198-204, 219, 230, 215 predicator 43-44-7, 53, 140-1, 145, 230-1 premiss(es) (of an argument) 138 logical rule of prepositions 9-10, 45, 49, 51, 54, 141-3, 230 primary illocution indicator 275-7 productivity 213 proposition 19-23, 31, 104,107,119, 131, 134-5, 137-49, 268-77

proposition (simple) 145-49,161 propositional act 248-9 propositional calculus 176 propositional content 21,269-272—3 prototype 85, 87, 99-100 rational behaviour 131-2,273 reference 25-8, 30, 32-3, 35, 53, 57-9, 77-80, 84, 273-5 reference (constant) 27, 77-8 reference (variable) 26, 77-8 referent 26-8, 30, 32, 35, 74, 77-80, 87,145, 147-8 referential vagueness 129 referential versatility 129 referring, act of 32-3, 56, 232, 235, 248, 274 referring expressions 35-41,43,52,53-6,58-9, 71, 73-4, 77-80,133-4, 220;seealso: identifying the referent of a referring expression reflexive predicate 200-1 relevance 282-3 reported speech 66-7 resultative 209,211-13 role frame 227—30 selectio nal restriction 190-3 semantic theory 8-14 sense 25, 28-33, 51, 78-80, 91-100,184-6, 1 1 -91 sense inclusion 110-11 sense properties 91, 94-5,100,112,187, 198-204, 209, 215 sense relations 91, 95-6,100-12, 114-29, 179-80, 183-4,187-97, 215-18, 240 sentence 16-18-19, 21-3, 31,107,119,122, 136 sentence meaning 2-3—7, 256, 269, 278, 280 sincerity condition 255—6 situation of utterance see deixis speaker meaning (ine. utterance meaning) 2-3-7, 91, 256, 269, 274, 278 speech acts 232-9, 240-9, 250-6, 268-77 stereotype 87,98-100,184 sufficient (set of) conditions 95-7,183 suppletion 216 symmetric predicate 183-4,187,198-9 synonymy 102-4, 107,109,122,125 syntax see grammar synthetic sentence 92-4,185 tense 44,65,67-8,81,141,143-4 theory 8 theoretical predicates 181 time 80-1,195-6 transitive predicate 202 translation 11, 22, 31 —2 truth 20-2, 68, 74, 91-3,105,107-8,133, 141, 147-9,151,158-64, 240, 252, 254, 279 truth table 158-61,169,172-3 universe of discourse 59-61,68,69, 71, 81, 147-8 utterance 15-19, 22-3, 32-3,131, 232 verbs 45,49,54,230 Wittgenstein 97 word(s) 29,46,103,123 word meaning see dictionary zero-derivation 207-8,210-11