.

0 (hodnocen0 x )

BK

New York : W. W. Norton & Company, 1984

ISBN 0-393-95315-7

000122075

Rekat.

Preface // Part One The Dawn Of History // Chapter I The Earliest Beginnings // The Nature Of History 3 History And Prehistory 4 // The Culture Of The Earlier Paleolithic Peoples 5 Later Paleolithic Culture 8 Neolithic Culture 12 // Factors Responsible For The Origins And Growth Of Civilizations 15 Why The Earliest Civilizations Began Where They Did 18 // Chapter 2 Egyptian Civilization // Political History Under The Pharaohs 26 Egyptian Religion 30 // Egyptian Intellectual Achievements 34 The Meaning Of Egyptian Art 36 Social And Economic Life 39 The Egyptian Achievement 43 // Chapter J The Mesopotamian And Persian Civilizations // From The Sumerian To The Persian Conquest 46 Sumerian Origins Of Mesopotamian Civilization 48 Old Babylonian Developments 52 // The Metamorphosis Under Assyria 55 // The Chaldean Renascence 59 // The Persian Empire And Its History 61 // Persian Culture 63 // The Zoroastri An Religion 65 // The Mystical And Otherworldly Heritage From Persia 66 // Chapter 4 The Hebrew Civilization // Hebrew Origins And Relations With Other Peoples 71 The Record Of Political Hopes And Frustrations 73 The Hebrew Religious Evolution 76 Hebrew Culture 80 // The Magnitude Of The Hebrew Influence 84 // Chapter 5 The Hittite, Minoan, Mycenaean, And Lesser Civilizations // The Hittites 89 // The Minoan And Mycenaean Civilizations 92 The Lydians And The Phoenicians 100 // Lessons From The History Of The Near Eastern States 102 // Part Two The Classical Civilizations Of Greece And Rome // Chapter 6 Greek Civilization // The Greek Dark Ages 109 // The Evolution Of The City-States 113 // The Armed Camp Of Sparta 115 // The Athenian Triumph And Tragedy 118 // Political Debacle-The Last Days 123 // Greek Thought And Culture 124 The Meaning Of Greek Art 136 Athenian Life In The Golden Age 139 // The Greek Achievement And Its Significance For Us 143 //

Chapter 7 The Hellenistic Civilization // Political History And Institutions 148 Significant Economic And Social Developments 150 Hellenistic Culture: Philosophy, Literature, And Art 153 // The First Great Age Of Science 159 Religion In The Hellenistic Age 161 A Foretaste Of Modernity? 162 // Chapter 8 Roman Civilization // Early Italy And The Roman Monarchy 166 // The Early Republic 169 // The Fateful Wars With Carthage 174 // The Social Struggles Of The Late Republic 176 // Rome Becomes Sophisticated 179 // The Principáte Or Early Empire (27 B.C.-I 80 A.D.) 183 // Culture And Life In The Period Of The Principáte 186 Roman Law 194 // The Crisis Of The Third Century (18o-284 A.D.) 195 // Causes For Rome’S Decline 198 The Roman Heritage 200 // Chapter G Christianity And The Transformation Of The Roman World // The Reorganized Empire 206 // The Emergence And Triumph Of Christianity 210 The New Contours Of Christianity 215 // The Germanic Invasions And The Fall Of The Roman Empire In The West 223 // The Shaping Of Western Christian Thought 227 Eastern Rome And The West 232 // Part Three The Middle Ages // Chapter 10 Rome’S Three Heirs: The Byzantine, Islamic, And Early-Medieval Western Worlds // The Byzantine Empire And Its Culture 244 The Flowering Of Islam 255 // Western Christian Civilization In The Early Middle Ages 272 // Chapter ? The High Middle Ages (1050-1300): Economic, Social, And Political Institutions // The First Agricultural Revolution 286 // Lord And Serf: Social Conditions And Quality Of Life In The Manorial Regime 292 // The Revival Of Trade And The Urban Revolution 299 Feudalism And The Rise Of National Monarchies 305 // Chapter 12 The High Middle Ages (1050-1300): Religious And Intellectual Developments // The Consolidation Of The Papal Monarchy 326 The Crusades 333 // The Outburst Of Religious Vitality 340 The Medieval Intellectual Revival 347 //

The Blossoming Of Literature, Art, And Music 357 // Chapter 13 The Later Middle Ages (1300-1500) // Economic Depression And The Emergence Of A New Equilibrium 370 // Social And Emotional Dislocation 375 // Trials For The Church And Hunger For The Divine 381 // Political Crisis And Recovery 387 // The Formation Of The Empire Of Russia 393 // Thought, Literature, And Art 398 // Advances In Technology 404 // Part Four The Early-Modern World // Chapter 14 The Civilization Of The Renaissance (?. 1350-?. 1550) // The Italian Background 417 // The Renaissance Of Thought And Literature In Italy 419 // The Artistic Renaissance In Italy 424 // The Waning Of The Italian Renaissance 432 // The Renaissance In The North 435 // Renaissance Developments In Music 445 // The Scientific Accomplishments Of The Renaissance Period 447 // Chapter 15 Europe Expands And Divides: Overseas // Discoveries And Protestant Reformation // The Overseas Discoveries And Conquests Of Portugal And Spain 456 The Lutheran Upheaval 466 // The Spread Of Protestantism 478 The Protestant Heritage 489 Catholic Reform 492 // Chapter 16 A Century Of Crisis For Early-Modern Europe (?. 1560-?. 1660) // Economic, Religious, And Political Tests 502 A Half Century Of Religious Wars 505 Years Of Trembling 513 Quests For Light Out Of Darkness 524 Literature And The Arts 530 // Chapter 17 The Economy And Society Of Early-Modern Europe // Capitalism, Mercantilism, And The Commercial Revolution 544 // Colonization And Overseas Trade 551 // Agriculture And Industry 558 // Population Patterns 567 // Life Within A Society Of Orders 570 // Chapter 18 The Age Of Absolutism (1660-1789) // The Appeal And Justification Of Absolutism 588 The Absolutism Of Louis Xiv 591 // Absolutism In Central And Eastern Europe, 166o-I72o 595 // The English Exception 602 //

Warfare And Diplomacy: The Emergence Of A State System 606 Enlightened Absolutism And Limited Monarchy In The Eighteenth Century 611 // War And Diplomacy In The Eighteenth Century 622 // Chapter Ig The Scientific Revolution And Enlightenment // The Scientific Revolution 631 The Foundations Of The Enlightenment 634 The World Of The Philosophes 637 The Onward March Of Science 646 // Classicism And Innovation In Art And Literature 649 Baroque And Classical Music 658 // Part Five The French And Industrial Revolutions And Their Consequences // Chapter 20 The French Revolution // The Coming Of The Revolution 674 The Destruction Of The Ancient Regime 681 A New Stage: Radical Revolution 688 Napoleon And Europe 699 The Vienna Settlement 708 // Chapter 21 The Industrial Revolution // The Industrial Revolution In England 716 The Industrial Revolution On The Continent 723 The Coming Of Railways 728 Industrialization After 185o 732 // Chapter 22 Consequences Of Industrialization: // Urbanization And Class Consciousness (1800-1850) // People On The Land 736 // Urbanization And The Standard Of Living 739 // The Life Of The Urban Middle Class 743 // The Life Of The Urban Working Class 750 // The Middle-Class Worldview 756 // Early Critics Of The Middle-Class Worldview 761 // Chapter 23 The Rise Of Liberalism (1815-1870) // Conservative Reaction, I815-183O 770 // Liberal Gains In Western Europe, 1815-1830 771 // Liberalism In Britain And France, 183o-1848 778 // The Revolution Of 1848 In France 785 Liberalism In France And Britain After 1850 789 // 795 // Chapter 24 Nationalism And Nation-Building (1815-1870) // Romanticism And Nationalism 796 // European Nationalism And Nation-Building, 1800-1848 803 Nationalism, Liberalism, And Revolution, I 848 807 // Nation-Building, 1850-1870 813 //

Part Six The West At The World’S Center // Chapter 25 The Progress Of International // Industrialization And Competition (1870-1914) 833 // New Technologies 834 Changes In Scope And Scale 837 The New Capitalism 843 // International Competition: Britain Vs. Germany 845 International Competition: Imperialism 848 // Chapter 26 The Middle Class Challenged 861 // The Challenge Of Socialism 862 // The Challenge Of Science And Philosophy 870 // The Challenge Of Literature And The Arts 878 // Chapter 27 The Search For Stability (1870-1914) 889 // Germany: The Search For Imperial Unity 890 // France: The Embattled Third Republic 894 // Great Britain: From Moderation To Militance 898 // Russia: The Road To Revolution 903 // The Search For Stability Elsewhere In The West 909 // International Rivalries: The Road To The First World War 914 // Chapter 28 The First World War 923 // Prelude To War 923 The Ordeal Of Battle 928 Revolution In The Midst Of War 933 Armistice And Peace 937 // Chapter ?? The West Between The Wars 953 // The Rise Oh Totalitarianism In Communist Russia 955 The Emergence Of Totalitarian Fascism In Italy 962 The Rise Of Nazi Germany 966 The Democracies Between The Wars 974 // Intellectual And Cultural Trends In The Interwar Years 977 // Chapter Jo The Second World War 991 // The Causes Of The War 992 The Outbreak Of Hostilities 997 The Peace Settlement 1004 // Part Seven The Emergence Of World Civilization // Chapter Ji New Power Relationships 1015 // Soviet-American World Rivalry 1015 Imperial Decline In Asia And The Middle East 1023 The Rise Of Black Africa 1032 The Limits Of Power 1036 // Chapter J2 Problems Of World Civilization 1041 // The Growth Of Centralized Government And Its Consequences 1041 Commitment: The Growth Of Black Consciousness 1045 Commitment: Youth And Women 1047 // Literature And Art As Reflections Of Contemporary Problems 1051 //

The Crisis Of Ecology And Population 1055 // Achievements And Limitations Of Science And Technology 1058 // Rulers Of Principal European States // Index