.

0 (hodnocen0 x )

BK

2nd ed.

Los Angeles : Sage, 2005

xvi, 320 s. : il. ; 25 cm

ISBN 978-0-7619-4417-1 (dotisk ; brož.)

Popsáno podle dotisku, vydaného v roce 2011

Obsahuje bibliografii na s. [296]-308, bibliografické odkazy a rejstřík

000202077

Contents // List of Figures xi // List of Tables xii // List of Examples xiii // Preface to Second Edition xiv // Preface to First Edition xv // 1 Introduction 1 // 1.1 Background 2 // 1.2 Some Simplifying Devices 3 // 1.3 Research Methods Training 5 // 1.4 Essentials and Logic 6 // 1.5 Science, the Social Sciences and Social Research 8 // 1.6 Organization of the Book 9 // 1.7 Suggestions for Further Reading 11 // 1.8 The Use of Examples 11 // 1.9 Review Concepts 12 // Notes 12 // 2 Some Central Issues 14 // 2.1 Description versus Explanation 14 // 2.2 Question-Method Connections 19 // 2.3 Prespecified versus Unfolding: Structure in Research Questions, // Design and Data 22 // 2.4 Some Important Terms 27 // 2.5 Review Concepts 30 // Notes 30 // Further Reading 31 // 3 Research Questions 32 // 3.1 General and Specific Research Questions 33 // 3.2 Developing Research Questions 35 // 3.3 The Role of Research Questions 36 // 3.4 hypotheses 37 // 3.5 A Simplified Model of Research 39 // 3.6 The Role of the Literature 41 // 3.7 Review Concepts 42 // Notes 43 // Further Reading 43 // 4 From Research Questions to Data 44 // 4.1 The Empirical Criterion 44 // 4.2 Linking Concepts and Data 45 // 4.3 Good and Bad Research Questions 46 // 4.4 Value Judgements 47 // 4.5 Causation 48 // 4.6 Conceptual Frameworks 53 // 4.7 From Research Questions to Data 54 // 4.7.1 Quantitative data 55 // 4.7.2 Qualitative data 56 // 4.8 Combining Quantitative and Qualitative Data 58 // 4.9 Review Concepts 59

// Notes 59 // Further Reading 60 // 5 Quantitative Research Design 62 // 5.1 What is Research Design? 62 // 5.2 Some Background 65 // 5.3 Independent, Dependent and Control Variables 67 // 5.4 The Experiment 68 // 5.5 Quasi-Experimental and Non-Experimental Design 71 // 5.6 Relationships between Variables: the Correlational Survey 75 // 5.7 Relationships between Variables: Causation and Accounting for Variance 77 // 5.8 Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) as a General Design Strategy 78 // 5.9 Controlling Variables 80 // 5.10 Review Concepts 82 // Notes 83 // Further Reading 83 // 6 Collecting Quantitative Data 85 // 6.1 Types of Variables 85 // 6.2 The Process of Measurement 87 // 6.3 Latent Traits 90 // 6.4 Measuring Techniques 91 // 6.5 Steps in Constructing a Measuring Instrument 92 // 6.6 To Construct an Instrument or to Use an Existing Instrument? 93 // 6.7 Locating Existing Measuring Instruments 94 // 6.8 Reliability and Validity 95 // 6.8.1 Reliability 95 // 6.8.2 Validity 97 // 6.9 Developing a Survey Questionnaire // 6.10 Collecting the Data: Administering the Measuring Instrument // 99 // 100 // 6.11 Sampling 101 // 6.12 Secondary Analysis 103 // 6.13 Review Concepts 104 // Notes 105 // Further Reading 106 // 7 The Analysis of Quantitative Data 108 // 7.1 Summarizing Quantitative Data 109 // 7.1.1 Central tendency: the mean 110 // 7.1.2 Variation: standard deviation and variance 110 // 7.1.3 Frequency distributions 111 // 7.2 Relationships between Variables: Cross-Tabulations

and // Contingency Tables 112 // 7.3 Comparisons between Groups: the Analysis of Variance 113 // 7.3.1 Analysis of variance 113 // 7.3.2 Interaction 115 // 7.3.3 Analysis of covariance 117 // 7.3.4 From univariate to multivariate 117 // 7.4 Relationships between Variables: Correlation and Regression 118 // 7.4.1 Simple correlation 118 // 7.4.2 Multiple correlation and regression 120 // 7.4.3 Squared multiple correlation coefficient 121 // 7.4.4 Regression weights 121 // 7.4.5 Stepwise regression 121 // 7.4.6 Review: MLR as a general data analysis system 122 // 7.4.7 Analysis of covariance using MLR 124 // 7.5 The Analysis of Survey Data 124 // 7.6 Data Reduction: Factor Analysis 125 // 7.7 Statistical Inference 127 // 7.8 Computer Software for the Analysis of Quantitative Data 130 // 7.9 Review Concepts 130 // Notes 131 // Further Reading 132 // 8 Design in Qualitative Research 133 // 8.1 Overview 134 // 8.1.1 Diversity in qualitative research 134 // 8.1.2 Feminism 136 // 8.1.3 Postmodernism 138 // 8.1.4 Common themes within the diversity 140 // 8.2 Design in Qualitative Research 142 // 8.3 Case Studies 142 // 8.3.1 The generai idea 144 // 8.3.2 Four characteristics of case studies 145 // 8.3.3 Case studies and generalizability 145 // 8.3.4 Preparing a case study 148 // 8.4 Ethnography 150 // 8.4.1 Introduction 150 // 8.4.2 Some main characteristics 152 // 8.4.3 General comments 153 // 8.5 Grounded Theory 154 // 8.5.1 What is grounded theory? 155 // 8.5.2 A short history of grounded

theory 156 // 8.5.3 Theory generation versus theory verification 157 // 8.5.4 Data-collection/data-analysis relationships: // theoretical sampling 158 // 8.5.5 The use of the literature in grounded theory 159 // 8.5.6 The place of grounded theory research 159 // 8.6 Action Research 160 // 8.7 Review Concepts 163 // Notes 164 // Further Reading 165 // 9 Collecting Qualitative Data 168 // 9.1 The Interview 168 // 9.1.1 Types of interviews 169 // 9.1.2 Feminist perspectives on interviewing 172 // 9.1.3 Practical aspects of interviewing 174 // 9.1.4 The analytic status of interview data: the role of language 176 // 9.2 Observation 178 // 9.2.1 Structured and unstructured approaches to observation 179 // 9.2.2 Practical issues in observation 180 // 9.3 Participant Observation 182 // 9.4 Documentary Data 184 // 9.5 Data Collection Procedures 186 // 9.6 Sampling in Qualitative Research 187 // 9.7 Review Concepts 189 // Notes 190 // Further Reading 190 // 10 The Analysis of Qualitative Data 193 // 10.1 Diversity in Qualitative Analysis 194 // 10.2 Analytic Induction 196 // 10.3 The Miles and Huberman Framework for Qualitative // Data Analysis 197 // 10.3.1 Coding 199 // 10.3.2 Memoing 201 // 10.4 Abstracting and Comparing 202 // 10.5 Grounded Theory Analysis 204 // 10.5.1 Overview 205 // 10.5.2 Opencoding 205 // 10.5.3 Axial (or theoretical) coding 209 // 10.5.4 Selective coding 211 // 10.5.5 Key concepts of grounded theory analysis 212 // 10.6 Other Approaches in Qualitative Analysis

216 // 10.6.1 Narratives and meaning 216 // 10.6.2 Ethnomethodology and conversation analysis 219 // 10.6.3 Discourse analysis 221 // 10.6.4 Semiotics 225 // 10.6.5 Documentary and textual analysis 226 // 10.7 Computers in the Analysis of Qualitative Data 228 // 10.8 Review Concepts 229 // Notes 230 // Further Reading 231 // 11 Mixed Methods and Evaluative Criteria 234 // 11.1 Combining Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches 234 // 11.1.1 Similarities in the two approaches 234 // 11.1.2 Basic characteristics of the two approaches 236 // 11.1.3 Quantitative or qualitative? 239 // 11.1.4 Quantitative and qualitative 240 // 11.2 General Evaluative Criteria 245 // 11.2.1 Disciplined inquiry 245 // 11.2.2 The fit between the component parts of a research project 247 // 11.2.3 Criteria for evaluation 247 // 11.3 Review Concepts 256 // Notes 257 // Further Reading 258 // 12 Research Writing 259 // 12.1 Background 260 // 12.1.1 The quantitative tradition 260 // 12.1.2 Qualitative research writing 260 // 12.1.3 The analytical mix 261 // 12.2 Research Documents 262 // 12.2.1 Proposals 262 // 12.2.2 Qualitative proposals 268 // 12.2.3 Examples of proposals 270 // 12.2.4 Abstracts and titles 271 // 12.2.5 Dissertations (and projects) 271 // 12.3 Writing to Report versus Writing to Learn: Writing as Analysis 274 // 12.4 Writing Choices 275 // 12.5 Ethical Issues 276 // 12.6 Review Concepts 278 // Notes 278 // Further Reading 279 // Appendix 1 : Computer Software in Quantitative and Qualitative

Analysis 281 // Appendix 2: Drawing and Verifying Conclusions in Qualitative Analysis 286 // Glossary 289 // References 296 // Index // 309