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BK

Encyklopedie

1st pub.

Westport : Praeger, 2007

4 sv. : il. ; 27 cm

ISBN !0-313-33100-6 (chyb.) (soubor)

ISBN 978-0-313-33101-5 (vol. 1 ; váz.) ISBN !0-313-33101-4 (chyb.)

ISBN 978-0-313-33102-2 (vol. 2 ; váz.) ISBN !0-313-33102-2 (chyb.)

ISBN 978-0-313-33103-9 (vol. 3 ; váz.) ISBN !0-313-33103-0 (chyb.)

ISBN 978-0-313-34143-4 (vol. 4 ; váz.) ISBN !0-313-34143-5 (chyb.)

Obsahuje bibliografie a rejstřík

vol. 1. A-D. 2007. xxxv, 306 s. -- vol. 2. E-N. 2007. s. 308-566. -- vol. 3. O-Z. 2007. s. 568-859. -- vol. 4. The countries. 2007. s. 862-1379

000235843

Contents // Alphabetical List of Entries vii // Guide to Related Topics xi // Preface xix // Acknowledgments xxiii // Introduction XXV // The Handbook, Volume 1,A-D 1 // The Handbook, Volume 2, E-N 307 // The Handbook, Volume 3, O-Z 567 // The Countries, Volume 4 861 // Introduction to Volume 4 861 // Australia 867 // Brazil 914 // China 971 // The Czech Republic 1017 // France 1063 // Italy 1110 // Japan 1155 // South Africa 1194 // Sweden 1240 // United Kingdom 1281 // Bibliography 1319 // Index 1323 // Editorial Advisor)’ Board and International Coordinators 1365 // List of Editors and Contributors 1367 // Index // Boldface page numbers indicate main entries. // AAP. See American Academy of Pediatrics АЛРА. See American Adventure Playground Association AAIJW. See American Association of University Women "Abbott District.” 773 ABC. See Act for Better Child Care ABC Bill, 544 // Abecedarian Program, 1-2; disabilities and, 293; SES and, 749 // Ab/Мс. See Antibias/ multicultural education Aborigines: in Australia, 875; in Japan, 1163 About Behaviorism (Skinner), 733 // ABS. See Australian Bureau of Statistics The Absorbent Mind (Montessori), 524 Abstinence, 267 Abuse. See Child abuse; Parental substance abuse; Sexual abuse // Academic development: peers and friends and, 616 Academic expectations: learning disabilities and, 478 Academics, 3-5; curriculum and, 177; definition of, 4: physical development and, 203-4 // Academy for Early Childhood Program Accreditation, 542-43

ACC. See Augmentative and alternative communication ACCES. See Cultural Association against Exclusion and Segregation ACCESS. See American Associate Degree Early Childhood Educators Accommodation, 41 Accreditation: curriculum and, 178; DAP and, 283; of early childhood programs, 5-9; NAEYC and, 541; standards for, 27; structure of, 6-8. See also National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education Accueils parents-enfants, 1065, 1107 // ACE. See Adverse Childhood Experiences Study ACEI. See Association for Childhood Education international ACEPP. See Association des Collectifs Enfants, Parents, Professionnels Acheson, Donald, 1306 Achievement gap: parenting education and, 584 ACM. See Association of Children’s Museums // АСГ. See Association for Constructivist Teaching Act and Observe, 208 Act for Better Child Care (ABC), 9-12 // Act for Early Childhood, Elementary, High School, Higher Vocational, and Other Education: in Czech Republic, 1045 // Action Curriculum, 985 Action research, 12-13, 333, 793 Activity-centered education. See Open education Act of Content and Facilities of Kindergarten Education Guidelines: in Japan, 1168 Acts of Meaning (Bruner), 90 Actuarial Society of South Africa (ASSA), 1200 Adaptive development: developmental delay and, 273 ADD/ADHD. See Attention deficit disorder/Attention hyperactivity disorder Addams. Jane, 13-14: playgrounds and, 642 Addestramento, 1146 Addiction, 579-80 Adelaide Declaration on National Goals for Schooling, 902 ADHD. See

Attention hyperactivity disorder ADI. See Association of Direct Instruction // 1324 INDEX // Adler, Alfred, 69, 501 Administration: of early care and education programs, 307-13 Administration for Children and Families, 808-9 Adolescence stage: in art, 104 Adoption, 14-18: children’s development and, 15-16: parenting and, 16; preschool children and, 16; story of, 16 ADOS-G. See Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-Generic Adventure playgrounds, 643 Adverse Childhood Experiences Study (ACE), 98, 579 Advisory Committee on Future Directions for Special Education in the 21st Century, 1187 // Advocacy and leadership, 18-23, 22; administration, 311; data-based, 21; DEC and, 295; ECSE and, 326; individual vs. organizational, 21; internal vs. external, 21; through IRA, // 458; .McMillan, Margaret, and, 513; NARA and, 540; principles of, 20-22 Advocates for Children of New York, 21 AE1. See Aide Exceptionnelle ä l’Investissement Aesthetic perception, 199 Aesthetic principles, 948 AFDC. See Aid to Families with Dependent Children AFEAMA. See Aide a la Familie pour I’Emploi d’une Assistante Maternelle AFL-CIO, 123 // African American Parents Project. 547 African Americans: Abecedarian Program and, 1; child abuse and, 98; culture and, 173; as gifted students, 389; rhythmic chants and, 199; SES and, 748; vernacular of, 476. See also Black caucus; National Black Child Development Institute African National Congress (ANC), 1195 // Afrikaans, 1225-26 AFT. See American Federation of Teachers

AFI’EF. See American Federation of Teachers Educational Foundation Agazzi, Rosa, 1126 Agazzi, Teresa, 1126 Age-appropriate strategies, 399 AGED. See Allocation de Garde d ’Enfant ä Domicile Aggression: bullying and, 90; in Japan, 1160; peers and friends and, 615; social cognitive theory and, 60 Aide ä la Familie pour I’Emploi d’une Assistante Maternelle (AFEAMA), 1103 Aide Exceptionnelle ä l’Investissement (AFJ), 1102 AIDS, 20, 1211; in China, 975; in South Africa, 1194, 1200, // 1208; WHO and, 852 Aids: for communication, 53-54 Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC), 113, 115, 809 // Ainsworth, Mart’, 45 Air pollutants, 344, 345 Akintetic seizures, 276 Alcohol: CP and, 276 Alcott, Bronson, 595 Alerting activities, 725 Alexander, F. Matthias, 557 Alfabetizzazione, 1130 Alfabetizzazione iniziale, 1130 Algebra, 507 Alger, Harriet, 549 Aliens, 491 Alive school, 1126 Alliance for Better Child Care, 9 Alliance for Curriculum Reform: ACEI and, 40 Allocation de Garde d’Enfant a Domicile (AGED), 1103 Allocation Parentale d’Éducation (АРЕ), 1103 Allocation pour Jeune Enfant (APJE), 1103 A.L. Mailman Foundation, // 620 // Almy, Millie, 23-24 Alschuler, Rose, 551 // Altruism, 265, 267; in Japan, 1162 // Amazing Grace (Kozol), 20 Amber Was Brave, Essie Was Smart (Williams), 435 Ambientamento, 1139 Ambilinguism, 1050 Amblyopia, 275; screening for, 292 // America 2000, 758 American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), 147; television and, // 801 // American Adventure Playground

Association (AAPA), 643 American Associate Degree Early Childhood Educators (ACCESS), 24-25, 545, 664 American Association for the Advancement of Science, 206 American Association of University Women (AA1JW), 551 // American Educational Research Association, 756 American Federation of Teachers (AFT), 94, 781 American Federation of Teachers Educational Foundation (AFTEF). 94 American Heart Association: physical development and, 202 // American nursery school movement, 338 American Sign Language (ASL), 235, 238, 475 Americans with Disabilities Educational Act, 26; CP and, 96 // AMI. See Association Montcssori Internationale Amygdala, 245 Anal stage, 727 ANC. See African National Congress Andrews, J.D., 81-82 "Animal Intelligence: An Experimental Study of the Associative Processes in Animals" (Thorndike), 810-11 Animateurs, 1067, 1079 Anne E. Casey Foundation, 21 // INDEX 1325 // Annual New England Piaget Conference, 42 Anoxia: CP and, 276 Anthropology: Montessori and, 527; in social studies, 216 Antibias curriculum: culture and, 175; social studies and, 217 Antibias Curriculum: Tools for Empowering Young Children (NAEYC), 27 Antibias education, 25-32 Antibias/multicultural education (Ab/Mc), 25 Anticonvulsants: for ADHD, 51 Antidepressants: for ADHD, 51 Antihypertensives: for ADHD, 51 Antipoff, Helen, 958 Antiretroviral Therapy, 1209 APAE. See Association of Parents and Friends of Exceptional Children Apartheid, 1194, 1219 APE, See Allocation Parentale d’Éducation APEEC. See Assessment

of Practices in Early Elementary Classroom Apgar score: disabilities and, // 292 // APJE. See Allocation pour Jeune Enfant Apple, Michael, 694 Applied behavior analysts, 64 Applied kinesiology: for ADHD, 51 // Apprentice children, 1129 Approval, 266 Apraxia: speech and, 52 April 19th Group, 544 Arab Americans, 26-27 ARACY. See Australian Research Alliance for Children and Youth Art: in CK, 911; plastic, // 1181-82; technology and, // 230. See also Child art Art as Experience (Dewey), 225 Articulation agreements, 661 The Art of Blockbuilding (Pratt), 654 // ASCD. See Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development // ASD. See Autism spectrum disorders Ashton-Warner, Sylvia, 32-33 Asian/Pacific Americans, 26 Asili nido, 1111, 1137; // caregivers for, 1146 Ask and Reflect, 208 ASL. See American Sign Language Asperger Disorder, 56; SPD and, 723 // Asphalt: on playgrounds, // 642 // ASSA. See Actuarial Society of South Africa Assessment: administration of, 310; in Australia, 909-13; in China, 982-83; classroom discourse and, 139; The Creative Curriculum for Preschool and, 164; creativity and, 889-90; in Czech Republic, 1039-43; deaf children and, 237; developmental delay and, 273; // dcvelopmcntal-intcraction approach and, 281; documentation and, 296, 297; in early childhood, 34-38; environmental, 340-44; in France, 1085-88; Good Start, Grow Smart and, 392-393; of intelligence, 448; of IQ, 451; literacy curriculum and, 190; Ml and, 536; multi-age grouping and, 520; readiness

and, 691; school culture and, 712; standards for, 757; TPBA and, 237; in visual art, 38-40. See also Standardized tests Assessment of Practices in Early Elementary Classroom (APEEC), 343 Assessor: in play, 639 Assimilation, 41; in Australia, // 877 // Assistante matemellc, 1089, // 1097 // Associated disorders: with ADHD, 51 Associate degrees: ACCESS and, 24 // Association des Collectifs Enfants. Parents, // Professionnels (ACEPP), 1070, 1075 // Association for Childhood Education International (ACER, 40-41; Hymes, James, and, 426; IKU and, 458; Osborn and, 575; playgrounds and, 644; standardized tests and, 754; teacher certification and, 780; teacher education and, 789 Association for Constructivist Teaching (ACT), 41 42 Association for Foreign Language Learning by the Immersion Method, // 1051 // Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development (ASCD): teacher certification and, 780-81 Association for the Study of Play, 644 // Associationism, 154 Association Montessori Internationale (AMI), 524 Association of Children s Museums (ACM), 129 Association of Direct Instruction (ADI), 290 Association of parent // cooperatives. See Association des Collectifs Enfants, Parents, Professionnels Association of Parents and Friends of Exceptional Children (APAE), 959 Association of Teacher Educators (ATE), 780 Association of Waldorf Schools in North America (AWSNA), 835 // Associative play. 593; peers and, 614 // Asthma, 345, 346 Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb, 322 Ataxic CP, 96 // ATE.

See Association of Teacher Educators Atelier, 42-44, 698; in visual art curriculum, 230 Atheoid CP, 96 // 1326 INDEX // At Risk Child Care Program, 11, 115 // Attachment, 16, 44-48, 257; Bowlby and, 84; fathers and, 364; mothers and, 532; parental substance abuse and, 580-81; parents and, 589; peers and friends and, 613; play therapy and, 645; psychoanalysis and, 374; social competence and. 740; social development and, // 269 // Attachment (Bowlby), 85 Attachment disorders, 278 Attachment system, 246 Attachment theory, 1183 Attention deficit disorder/Attention hyperactivity disorder (ADD/ADHD), 48-52, 277, 278, 292; behavior management and, 67; in boys, 385; in classroom, 49-50; at home, 50-51; in Japan, 1188; learning disabilities and, 483; SPD and, 723; temperament and, 806: treatment of, 51-52 Attention demand. 801 Attention hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), 48-52 Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC), // 52-55; literacy and, 490 Aurea magistrate, 1146 Australia, 867-913; assessment in, 909-13: creativity in, 887-94; curriculum in, 894-97; exclusion in, 876; families in, 879-83; gender equity in, 906-8; Head Start in, 869: immigration in, 868, 876; infant mortality in, 868; language in, 868; multicultural education in, 874-76; numeracy in, 902-5; pedagogy in, 883-87; play in, 874; poverty in, 870; single-parent families in, 868 Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), 876 Australian Centre for Effective Partnerships, 887 // Australian Council of Deans of Education. 895

Australian Research Alliance for Children and Youth (ARACY), 869 // Authoritative parenting, 268 Authority: in social studies, 218 Autism, 55-59, 277; in China, 1010; literacy and, 489; music and, 314; SPI) and, 723: speech and, 52 Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule—Generic (ADOS-G), 57 // Autism spectrum disorders (ASD), 56, 291 Autistic Disorder, 56 Auto-education, 526 Autonomy: morality of, 625; parental substance abuse and, 580-81; psychosocial theory and, 675 Auxiliaires de puericulture, // 1089, 1100 AWSNA, See Association of Waldorf Schools in North America // Baby hotels, 1184 Baby signs, 238 Bachelor’s programs: for Chinese teachers, 1014; in Czech Republic, 1056 Back to basics, 910 “Back to Sleep" campaign, 100 Bad Boys: Public Schools in the Making of Black Masculinity, 385 // Baer, Donald, 64 BAFA. See Brevet d’aptitude aux fonctions d’animateur BAFD. See Brevet d’aptitude aux fonctions de directeur Baker, Katherine Read. See Read, Katherine Bake Sesame Seed Cakes, 991 Balancing traits, 338 Ballenger, Cynthia, 33 Bambini, 498, 1113,1140 Bandura, Albert, 60-61, 69; children’s media and, 127; social cognitive theory and, 734 // Banks, James, 25,694 Bank Street, 61-62, 279, 374, 517; documentation and, 296; pedagogy and, 603 Bank Street Readers, 62 Bantu education, 1225 Bao Yu Yuan, 986 Barker, Roger, 333 Bates, Elizabeth, 261 Bayley Scales of Infant Development, 454 Becker, Wesley, 290 Becoming a Kwoma (Whiting, John), 844 BEE. See Bureau of Educational

Experiments Beethoven Project, 620 Behavior: developmental delay and, 274; management of, 399; peers and friends and, 615 // Behavioral play therapy, 647 Behavior and Misbehavior (Hymes, James). 425 Behavior disorders, 278 Behaviorism, 62-66, 154; in Australia, 896; classroom environment and, 141; direct instruction model and, 290; Pavlov and, 594; Skinner and, 732-33; Watson and, 839 Behavior management and guidance, 66-72, 67; obesity and, 568 The Behavior of Organisms (Skinner), 63. 733 Behavior Rating Scale, 454 Behavior Science and Child Rearing (Hunt), 424 Beijing Normal University, 1014 Being a Good Parent (Hymes, James), 425 Beliefs: culture and, 173 Beliefs vs. faith, 752-53 Bell, Alexander Graham, 524 Belongingness, 502 Benchmarking. See Standardized tests // Benchmarks for Scientific inquiry, 207 Beneke, Sallee, 298 Benessere, 1139 Bentley, Alys, 557 // INDEX 1327 // Bereiter, Carl, 290 Better Baby Care, 544, 859 “Beyond the Best Interests of the Child" (Freud, Anna), 373 Biculturalism, 72-75 Biggers, John, 493 Bilingual education, 75-79, 475; biculturalism and, 73-74; culture and, 175; in Czech Republic, 1050-51; in Sweden, 1248. See also Second-language acquisition Bilingual Education Act, 75 “A Bill of Rights for Children," 424 // Bill of Rights for Children of Incarcerated Parents, 433 Binet, Alfred, 80-81, 323, 446, 453; IQ and, 449 Biofeedback: for ADHD, 51 Biological factors: learning disabilities and, 478 Biolog)’: Montessori and, 527 Biology and Knowledge

(Piaget), 253 Bipolar disorder: SPD and, 723 The Birds Christmas Carol (Wiggin), 847 Birth Control Commission: in China, 1008 Birthrate: in Australia, 868; in Czech Republic, 1022, 1035; in Italy, 1139; in Japan, 1157, // 1159; in Sweden, 1240. See also One-child policy Birth to 3 Maters Framework: in United Kingdom, 1296-97 Birth trauma: developmental delay and, 274 Birth weight, 345; disabilities and, 292; Down Syndrome and,303 Black caucus: of NAEYC, 81-82 Blacks: in Brazil, 924-25 Blair, Tony, 1291 Blindness: in Brazil. 959; in China, 1009. See also Visual impairment Bloch, Ernst, 558 The Block Book (Pratt), 654 Blocks, 1119, 1178; Pratt and, 654 // Bloom, Benjamin. 323, 447 // Bios, Peter, 348 Blow, Susan Elizabeth, 82-84, 416; IKU and, 457 Bobo dolls, 60, 735 Body composition, 203 Bokasi, 1162 Bolsa Escola, 933 Bolsa Família, 933, 939 Books: for parenting guidance, 590 // Boston Black, 131 Bouverat, Roberta Wong, 120 Bowen, Murray, 363 Bowlby, John, 44, 84-85, 532, 1023 // Bowman, Barbara, 82 Boys: ADD/ADHD and, 385; // literacy in, 385 Boys’ Clubs, 14 Braille language, 959 Brain development, 243-48, 791; embodiment and, 728; IQ and, 451. See also Mental health Brazelton, T. Berry, 807, 812, 858 // Brazil, 914-70; child care in, 938-43; CNE in, 916; creativity and imagination in, 952-57; culture in, 924-28; curriculum in, 947-52; ecology of childhood in, 919-24; ethnicity in, 924-28; FUNDEF in, 916; gender equity in, 966-70; inclusive education in, 961-65; // National Educational

Plan in, 916; play in, 957-61; poverty in, 928-34; race in, 924-28; teacher preparation in, 943-47; violence in, 934-38 Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), 930 Brazilian Legion of Assistance (LBA), 914 Brazilian Tribunal for Minors, // 936 // Brevet d’aptitude aux fonctions d’animateur (BAFA), 1108 Brevet d’aptitude aux fonctions de directeur (BAFD), // 1108 // Brevity of sequence, 801-2 Bridges, Ruby, 267 // Briggs, Jean, 8O6 Bright Futures, 1307 Bright Horizons Family Solutions, 307 Brinquedotecas (toy-playing centers), 957 Brisset, Claire, 1099 British Infant Schools, 569 Bronfenbrenner, Urie, 67, // 85-88, 322; classroom environment and, 141; developmental systems theory and, 287; ecology of human development and, 333; environmental assessments and, 341; parent involvement and, 590; Touchpoints and, 813 // Brownell, William, 194 Brown, Margaret Wise, 517 Bruner, Jerome. 88-90, 195, 447, 959, 1116; constructivism and, 152; pedagogy and, 599; of play, 629; social studies curriculum and, 217 Bryan, Anna, 807 Building blocks: mathematics curriculum and, 194 Bullying, 90-93; in Brazil, 935-36; gender differences in, 92 // Bureau of Educational // Experiments (BEE), 372, 517. See also Bank Street Bureau of Women and Young Children: in China, 1007 Burlingame, Dorothy, 373 Burlingham, Dorothy, 348 Burrell, Rae, 549 Bush, George H.W., 10, 552 Bush, George W., 391, 5б0, 757; NCLB and, 669 // CACFP. See Child and Adult Care Food Program CAFs. See Caisses d’allocations

familiales; Regional family allowance funds CAH. See Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Development С AI. See Computer-assisted instruction // 1328 INDEX // Caisses ďallocations familiales (CAFs), 1091. 1098 Caldwell, Grace, 550 California Cares, 95 California Early Childhood Mentor Program, 95 Calming activities, 725 Camp Kilda (CK), 909 Canada: ERS and, 319 Canady, Helen, 545 Canter, Lee, 70 Capacity, 533 СЛРТА. See Child Abuse // Prevention and Treatment Act Cardiovascular disease, 563 Cardiovascular endurance, // 202-3 // Care: psychosocial theory and, 676 // Career lattice, 661 Carini, Patricia, 795 Carlsson, Asplund, 1273 Carlsson-Paige, Nancy, 127 Carnegie Council on Children, 419 // Carolina Abecedarian Project. // See Abecedarian Program Caroline and Sigmund Schott Foundation, 621 Carpenteria Preschool Program. 77 // CARS. See Childhood Autism Rating Scales Casa dei Bambini, 523, 525, 528 Casa dei Bambini (Montessori), 323 // Case studies, 680 Casey, Beth, 545 Cataracts, 275 Catlett, Elizabeth, 493 Cattell, James McKeen, 575, 810 Cattell, Raymond, 447 Cazden, Courtney, 135, 191 CBA. See Community Built Association CCB. See Child Care Benefit CCDBG. See Child Care and Development Block Grant CCDF. See Child Care and Development Fund CCDLA. See Council for Child Development Laboratory Administrators // CCEP. See Child Care Employee Project // CCR