ív // CONTENTS // INTRODUCTION... 1 // 1 SENTENCE STRUCTURE AND SEMANTICS: VALENCY AND // INTENSION... 4 // 1.1 Introductory Remarks ... 4 // 1.2 Linguistic Meaning ... 5 // 1.3 Theta Roles and Valency... 12 // 2 SENTENCE STRUCTURE AND COMMUNICATION: FOCUS, // NEGATION AND PRESUPPOSITION... 23 // 2.1 Principles-and-Parameters Theory and the Underlying // Order of Constituents ... 23 // 2.2 Prague School Approach to Topic and Focus... 30 // 2.3 Focus and Presupposition ... 37 // 2.4 Focus and Negation... 48 // 2.5 Principles for a Specification of Underlying // Representations ... 60 // 3 DISCOURSE PATTERNS: ANAPHORIC RELATIONS ... 63 // 3.1 Focus in Linguistics and in Artificial Intelligence. 63 // 3.2 Salience in the Stock of Shared Knowledge... 70 // 3.3 Topic of Discourse... 82 // 4 COMPUTATIONAL VIEWS AND APPLICATIONS ... 87 // 4.1 Towards an Automatic Identification of Topic and Focus 87 // 4.2 Salience in Discourse Analysis and Production.. 90 // 4.3 Valency and Focus in Natural Language Processing ... 93 // 5 CONCLUSIONS... 108 // REFERENCES... 110