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Bibliografická citace

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BK
New York : Guildford, 2004
xiii, 513 s. : il., mapy ; 23 cm

objednat
ISBN 1-57230-040-X (brož.) ISBN !978-1-57230-040-8 (chyb.)
Obsahuje bibliografii na s. 463-490 a rejstříky
001401423
Contents // 1. Taking a Scientific Approach to Improving Map Representation and Design // Toward Functional Maps, 2 Cartography as Graphic Communication, 3 Objections to Scope and Method, 6 Art and Science, 8 Deconstructing the Discipline, 10 Taking a Fresh Approach to Symbolization and Design Research, 11 // Organization of This Book, 16 // I. How Meaning Is Derived from Maps // 2. An Information-Processing View of Vision and Visual Cognition // Marr’s Approach to Vision, 27 Visual Cognition, 33 // Processing of Visual Stimuli, 33 Processing of Imagery, 46 Conclusion, 49 // 3. How Maps Are Seen // Eye-Brain System, 53 The Eye, 54 Eye to Brain, 63 Brain, 63 // Perceptual Organization and Attention, 68 Grouping, 71 What We Attend To, 80 // x // Contents // Selective Attention and Separability of Visual Dimensions, 81 ; // Divided Attention and Variable Conjunctions, 87; Associativity of Graphic Variables, 91 ; Indispensable Variables, 92 Where We Attend, 94 Location, 94; Scale, 96 Scanning the Visual Scene, 101 Figure-Ground, 107 // Heterogeneity, 110; Bottom-Up versus Top-Down Processing, 117 Visual Levels, 120 // Perceptual Categorization and Judgment, 123 Detection, 124 Discrimination, 127 // Text Discrimination, 127; Point Feature Discrimination, 128; // Pattern Discrimination, 130; Color Discrimination, 132; // Motion Discrimination, 133 Judging Order, 134 Judging Relative Magnitude, 135 Perceiving Depth from a Two-Dimensional Scene, 136 A Taxonomy of Depth Cues, 137 Applying
Depth Cues to Maps, 139 // Physiological Approaches, 139; Perspective Approaches, 139; // Nonperspective Approaches ,141 Summary, 147 // 4. How Maps Are Understood: Visual Array —» Visual 150 // Description <—» Knowledge Schemata <—> // Cognitive Representation Mental Categories, 151 Prototype Effects, 153 // Family Resemblance, 155; Fuzzy Categories, 156; Typicality Effects, 158; Maps as a Radial Category, 160 Basic-Level Categories, 162 Natural versus Cultural Category Structures, 167 Multiple Representations, 168 Dual Representations: Common and Scientific, 168; Fuzzy Representations of Well-Defined Concepts, 169 Knowledge Representation, 170 // Kinds of Knowledge Representation, 171 Kinds of Knowledge Schemata, 174 // Propositional Schemata, 176; Image Schemata, 185; Event Schemata (Scripts and Plans), 190 Development and Application of Cognitive Schemata, 193 How Map Schemata Are Developed, 193 // Physiological Bases for Map Schemata, 194; Developmental Bases for Map Schemata, 195; Gener al-to-Specific Map Schemata, 198 // Contents // XI // How Map Schemata Are Selected, 202 How Map Schemata Are Used, 205 Conclusion, 209 // IL How Maps Are Imbued with Meaning // 5. A Primer on Semiotics for Understanding Map Representation The Nature of Signs, 218 Models of the Sign, 219 Typology of Signs, 222 Typology of Discourse, 225 // How Signs Signify: Specificity or Levels of Meaning, 228 Typology of Comprehension (or Miscomprehension), 232 The Nature of Sign Systems, 234 Dimensions
of Semiosis, 234 Systemology, 238 // Semiotic Economy, 239; Simultaneity versus Articulation, 240; Combinatorial Relations, 241 Application of the Semiotic Approach to Map Representation, 242 // 6. A Functional Approach to Map Representation: // The Semantics and Syntactics of Map Signs The Nature of Map Signs-??? Semantics, 245 Sign’Vehicle as Mediator, 246 Referent as Mediator, 250 Interpretant as Mediator, 256 The Nature of Map Sign Systems-??? Syntactics: // Logical Interrelationships, 269 Visual Variables and Syntactic Rules, 270 // Static Visual Maps, 270; Static Tactile Maps, 276; Dynamic Visual Maps, 278; Dynamic Audio Maps, 287 Sign-Vehicle Sets, 290 Multiple Linked Sign Systems, 295 Maps as Signs, 302 Map Sign Comprehension, 305 Discussion, 307 // 7. A Lexical Approach to Map Representation: // Map Pragmatics // Meaning in Maps, 312 // Space, Time, and Attribute Denotation, 312 Denoting Spatial Position, 313; Denoting Temporal // 213 // 217 // 244 // 310 // xii // Contents // Position, 315; Denoting Attributes of Position in Space-Time ,317 Specificity of Signs, 321 // Singular versus General Signs, 321 ; Unambiguous versus Ambiguous Signs, 323; Monosemie versus Polysemie Sign Systems, 325 // Directness of Reference: Literality of Interpretants, 325 Concreteness of Signs: Concept versus Phenomenon Representations, 327 // Etymology and Cultural Specificity of Meaning, 329 Meaning ?/Maps, 330 // Connotative Meaning of Map Signs, 331 // Extrasignificant Codes, 332; A Typology
of Map Connotation, 336 // The Map Itself as an Implicit Code, 338 // Connotation of Veracity: Truth and Reality, 338; Connotation of Integrity: Map Ethics, 340; Valuative Connotations: // Judgments, 342; Connotations of Power: Territorial Control, // 345; Incitive Connotations: Persuasion to Action, 348; Can Connotations Be Measured?, 349 Synopsis and Directions, 351 // HI. How Maps Are Used: Applications in 355 // Geographic Visualization // 8. GVIS: Facilitating Visual Thinking 361 // A Model of Feature Matching, 362 // Linking Perceptual Organization and Map Syntactics, 367 Indispensable Variables, 368 2’D Space, 369; Simulated 3-D, 370; Time, 376 Scale and Resolution, 380 Space, 380; Attributes, 384; Time, 385 Spatial Feature Enhancement through Graphic Variable Manipulation, 386 // Using Monochrome Variables, 387; Using Color Variables, 389 The Role of Categories and Schemata, 392 Conclusions, 398 // 9. GVIS: Relationships in Space and Time 401 // Feature Comparison: Looking for Relationships in Multidimensional Data, 401 Space, 402 Orientation, 409 Color, 411 Time, 416 Focusing, 418 Sound, 419 // Contents // Space-Time Processes, 422 // Categorizing Space-Time Phenomena, 423 Mapping Temporal Entities to Display Variables, 425 Exploring Space-Time Processes: Kinds of Interaction, 427 Process Tracking, 428; Postprocessing, 429; // Process Steering, 432 Discussion, 433 // 10. GVIS: Should We Believe What We Seel How to Judge “Truth” in GVIS, 435 Truth of Signs in the Display,
436 Truth of the Display as Sign: Seeing Wrong versus Not Seeing, 444 What “Truth” Is in GVIS, 447 // Visual Thinking and Cognitive Gravity, 448 Public Presentation and Implicit Connotation, 452 Discussion, 456 // Postscript References Author Index // Subject Index

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