Preface; Acknowledgments; Chapter 1. Sun-Earth Astronomical Relationship; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Sun-Earth Distance r; 1.3 Solar Declination; 1.4 Equation of Time Et; 1.5 Position of the Sun Relative to Horizontal Surfaces; 1.6 Position of the Sun Relative to Inclined Surfaces; 1.7 Further Reading; Nomenclature; References; Chapter 2. Thermal Radiation; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2Blackbody Radiation; 2.3Blackbody Radiation in a Wavelength Interval; 2.4Angular Dependence of Radiation;2.5 Real-Body Properties2.6 Definitions; 2.7 Further Reading; Nomenclature; References; Chapter 3. The Solar Constant and Its Spectral Distribution; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 The Sun; 3.3 Extraterrestrial Solar Spectral Irradiance; 3.4 The Solar Constant; 3.5 Blackbody Temperature of the Sun; 3.6 Further Reading; Nomenclature; References; Chapter 4. Extraterrestrial Solar Irradiation; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Extraterrestrial Irradiation on a Horizontal Surface; 4.3 Radiation on Inclined Planes; 4.4 Calculation of rb, rb, r b, Rb, and Rb; 4.5 Further Reading; Nomenclature; References; Chapter 5. A Cloudless-Sky Atmosphere and Its Optics5.1Introduction; 5.2The Earth’s Atmosphere; 5.3Clean Dry Air; 5.4Water Vapor; 5.5Aerosols; 5.6 Relative Optical Path Length, Relative OpticalMass m; 5.7 Relative Optical Air Mass ma; 5.8 Relative Optical Water-Vapor Mass mw; 5.9 Relative Optical Ozone Mass mo; 5.10Relative Optical Aerosol Mass md; 5.11 Further Reading; Nomenclature; References;
Chapter 6. Solar Spectral Radiation under Cloudless Skies; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 Attenuation of Direct Solar Radiation:Basic Formulation; 6.3 Scattering of Direct Solar Radiation; 6.4 Rayleigh Scattering of Air Molecules6.5 Mie Scattering of Water Vapor and Dust Particles; 6.6 Angstrom’s Turbidity Formula for All Aerosols; 6.7 Direct Transmittance due to ContinuumAttenuation; 6.8 Absorption of Direct Solar Radiation by Gases; 6.9 Absorbers in the Ultraviolet and Visible Spectrum; 6.10 Absorbers in the Infrared Spectrum; 6.11 Transmittances of Molecular Absorbers; 6.12 Transmittance of Ozone; 6.13 Transmittances of Uniformly Mixed Gasesand Water Vapor; 6.14 Direct Spectral Irradiance on the Ground; 6.15 Origins of Diffuse Spectral Radiation; 6.16 Rayleigh-Scattered Spectral Diffuse Irradiance6.17 Aerosol-Scattered Spectral Diffuse Irradiance; 6.18 Atmospheric Albedo; 6.19 Multiply Reflected Spectral Diffuse Irradiance; 6.20 Diffuse Spectral Irradiance on the Ground; 6.21 Global Spectral Irradiance on the Ground; 6.22 Further Reading; 6.23 Historical Notes; Nomenclature; References; Chapter 7. Total (Broadband) Radiation under Cloudless Skies; 7.1 Introduction; 7.2 Spectral Integration Model; 7.3 Parameterization Method; 7.4 Parameterization Model A; 7.5 Parameterization Model B; 7.6 Parameterization Model C.