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ONLINE

London : Palgrave Macmillan UK : Imprint: Palgrave Macmillan, 2017

1 online zdroj

ISBN 978-1-137-31506-9 (e-kniha)

ISBN 9780230252707 (print)

Research and Practice in Applied Linguistics

Printed edition: ISBN 9780230252707

- Introduction -- PART I: CONCEPTS AND ISSUES -- Chapter 1: Discourses on discourse -- Chapter 2: Who’s involved in discourse? -- Chapter 3: What is it that’s going on here? -- Chapter 4: How do you know that? -- Chapter 5: Why that now? -- Chapter 6: What actions are being taken here, by whom and why? -- Chapter 7: How do discourse and social change drive each other? -- PART II: A MULTI-PERSPECTIVAL APPROACH TO ANALYSING DISCOURSE -- Chapter 8: What next? -- PART III: RESOURCES -- Chapter 9: Key sources.

This book combines an authoritative examination of the field of discourse-based research with practical guidance on research design and development. The book is not prescriptive but instead invites expansive, innovative thinking about what discourse is, why it matters to people at particular sites and how it can be investigated. The authors identify a set of questions that, they argue, are crucial for understanding discourse. Part I of the book explores the implications of these questions, providing a comprehensive survey of relevant scholars, theories, concepts and methodologies. Part II addresses these implications, setting out a multi-perspectival approach to resourcing and integrating micro and macro perspectives in the description, interpretation and explanation of data. Part III offers wide-ranging resources to support further reflection and future research. Ultimately, this book offers a new research approach for students, researchers and practitioners in Applied Linguistics to encourage and support research that can be truly impactful through its relevance to social and professional practice..

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Contents // 1 Introduction 1 // 1.1 Asking Critical Questions of Discourse: How Is Discourse // Defined and Located? 4 // 1.2 Asking Critical Questions of Discourse: What Are // the Experiences and Dispositions of Discourse Participants? What Are Their Purposes and Actions? 7 // 1.3 Modelling the Description, Interpretation, and Explanation // of Discourse, Participants, Actions and Texts 11 // References 13 // Part I Concepts and Issues 13 // 2 Discourses on Discourse 17 // 2.1 Discourse Practices and Social Practices 18 // 2.2 Metaphors and Concepts for Discourse Analysis 19 // 2.2.1 Bourdieus Concepts 20 // 2.2.2 Foucault’s Concepts 26 // 2.2.3 Habermas’s Concepts 31 // 2.2.4 Some Further Concepts 36 // xii // Contents // 2.3 A Case Study 39 // References 41 // 3 Who’s Involved in Discourse? 43 // 3.1 Participants and Actors: Hie Interaction and the // Institutional Order 44 // 3.2 Discourses and Professional, Institutional and (Inter-) // Personal Identities/Roles 46 // 3.3 The ‘Front’ and ‘Back’ Stages of Social Life 48 // 3.4 Locating Performances: Events, Activity Types and Genres 33 // 3.4.1 Methodology: Analysing Genre 59 // 3.5 Actions, Discourse Types and Strategies 61 // 3.5.1 A Nested Arrangement 64 // 3.6 Some Background to Our Discourse Analytic Program: // Contexts and Explorations 65 // 3.7 Accounting for Accountability 72 // 3.8 Categorising Membership in Communities of Practice 74 // 3.9 A Case Study 80 // References 82 // 4 ‘What Is It That’s

Going on Here?’ 85 // 4.1 Introduction 86 // 4.2 Frames, Strips and Footings 87 // 4.3 Managing Face and Facework in Discourse 99 // 4.4 Relationship of Politeness Theory to Face and Facework 103 // 4.5 Exploring Ethnography 106 // 4.6 Participant’s BCnowledge and Beliefs 112 // 4.7 Linguistic Ethnography 114 // 4.7.1 Two Examples of (Linguistic) Ethnography in // Action 117 // 4.8 Reflexivity and‘Thick Participation’ 118 // 4.9 A Case Study 124 // References 125 // Contents // XIII // How Do You Know That? // 5.1 Overview: Retrospect and Prospect // 5.2 Negotiating Meanings in Discourse: Exploring Interpretive Potential // 5.3 Interactional Sociolinguistics // 5.4 Ecological Validity and Participant Accounts // 5.5 Some Issues and Some Challenges with Participant Accounts // 5.6 Researcher/Participant Paradoxes // 5.7 Researcher Role and Researcher Stance // 5.8 Roles and Their Relationships // 5.9 A Case Study References // 129 // 129 // 131 // 135 // 139 // 140 // 143 // 144 147 // 151 // 152 // 6 Why That Now? 155 // 6.1 Introduction 156 // 6.2 Ethnomethodology and Conversation Analysis 156 // 6.3 Ethnomethodology 157 // 6.4 Human Interaction: A Foundation for CA 159 // 6.5 Conversation Analysis 161 // 6.6 The Mechanics of Talk: Micro-Level‘Systematics’ 167 // 6.7 A Research Note: Working with Transcribed Data 175 // 6.8 A Case Study 176 // References 178 // 7 What Actions Are Being Taken Here, by Whom and Why? 181 // 7.1 Introduction 182 // 7.2 Mediated Discourse

Analysis 183 // 7.2.1 MDA: Some Constructs and Some Methods 187 // 7.2.2 What Are the Sites for MDA? 192 // 7.3 ‘Professional Vision 193 // 7.3.1 Defining the Practices 193 // 7.3.2 Exploring Professional Practices 194 // XIV // Contents // 7.4 Social Psychological Approaches to DA: Identity(ies), // Role(s) and Accommodation 196 // 7.4.1 Henri Tajfel and Social Identity 198 // 7.5 Communication Accommodation Theory 199 // 7.6 Some Further Examples of the Relationship // Between Discourse and Identity 203 // 7.6.1 Language, Identity and Language Maintenance 203 // 7.6.2 Institutionally Relevant Construction of Identity 204 // 7.6.3 Identity and Issues of Intercultural (Mis) // Communication 205 // 7.7 Building a Model of Social Psychological Approaches // to DA 206 // 7.8 Methodology in Social Psychological Approaches to DA 208 // 7.8.1 How CAT Research Is Carried Out and Its // Methodological Tools 210 // 7.8.2 An Example: Applying Social Psychological // Approaches to DA 211 // 7.9 A Case Study 211 // References 213 // 8 How Do Discourse and Social Change Drive Each Other? 217 // 8.1 Towards Critical Discourse Analysis 217 // 8.2 CDA 219 // 8.2.1 Some Reflections on Fairclough and Wodak’s // ‘Eight Principles’ of CDA 221 // 8.3 Development of CDA: A Brief Historical (and Personal) // Account 222 // 8.4 CDA in Action: Description, interpretation and // Explanation in Discourse Analysis 224 // 8.4.1 Features of Description, Interpretation // and Explanation 228 // 8.5 Discourse

and Social Change 229 // 8.6 A Case Study 232 // References 234 // Contents // XV // Part II A Multi-perspectival Approach to Analysing Discourse 237 // 9 What Next? 239 // 9.1 Introduction 239 // 9.2 The Question of Warranting 240 // 9.3 Revisiting Ecological Validity 242 // 9.4 Introducing the Research Map 243 // 9.5 Multiple Perspectives in Researching Discourse in // Context and in Action 250 // 9.6 Modelling the Relationships Among Perspectives 251 // 9.7 Focusing on a Perspective 255 // 9.7.1 A Closer Look at Participant Accounts 256 // 9.7.2 Research Methodologies or Techniques for // Participant Accounts 260 // 9.8 Creating a Conversation Among Perspectives 261 // 9.9 Bringing the Perspectives Together: Concepts, Focal // Themes and Crucial Sites 263 // References 271 // Part III Resources 275 // 10 Key Sources 277 // 10.1 Books 277 // 10.2 Edited Collections 278 // 10.3 Handbooks 279 // 10.4 Readers 280 // 10.5 Journals 280 // 10.5.1 Discourse Journals 280 // 10.5.2 Related Journals 281 // 10.6 Principal Discourse Conferences and Associations 282 // 10.7 Key Internet Sites 283 // 10.8 Other Relevant Resources 283 // 10.8.1 Doing Research 283 // 10.8.2 Software for Data Analysis 284 // XVI // Contents // References // Index