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EB

EB

ONLINE

Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2017

1 online zdroj

ISBN 978-3-319-61458-8 (e-kniha)

ISBN 978-3-319-61457-1 (print)

Engineering Materials, ISSN 1612-1317

Introduction -- Review of the literature on Melt Electrospinning -- Production of Polypropylene Nanofibers by Melt Electrospinning -- Review of the literature on Meltblowing -- Production of Polypropylene Nanofibers by Meltblowing -- Comparing both techniques -- Outlook.

This book provides a comparison between melt electrospinning and meltblowing as techniques for the production of polypropylene nanofibers. The author compares the morphological, structural, chemical and mechanical characteristics of the different produced fibers. Moreover, the degree of thermal degradation of the different fibers is also analyzed. The book is useful to chemists and material scientists working on the synthesis of nanofibers by melt processes, showing the limitations of each technique for nanofiber fabrication..

* nanovlákna * nanofibres

001476266

1 Introduction 1 // 1.1 Scope 1 // 1.2 Research Concepts and Hypotheses 3 // 1.3 Aims and Objectives 4 // 1.4 Contribution of the Research 5 // 1.5 Conclusion 5 // References 6 // 2 Review of Literature: Melt Electrospinning 9 // 2.1 Introduction 9 // 2.2 Electrospinning 9 // 2.2.1 Types of Electrospinning 10 // 2.2.2 Jet Trajectory 12 // 2.3 Research on Melt Electrospinning 26 // 2.3.1 Equipment Used 26 // 2.3.2 Polymers Used 27 // 2.4 Fibre Diameter and Influencing Factors 28 // 2.4.1 Effects of Molecular Weight/MFI 29 // 2.4.2 Effect of Viscosity 29 // 2.4.3 Effect of Applied Voltage 29 // 2.4.4 Effect of Collector Distance and Type 30 // 2.4.5 Effect of Flow Rate 30 // 2.4.6 Effect of Spinneret Size 31 // 2.4.7 Effect of Temperature 31 // 2.4.8 Effect of Ambient Parameters 31 // 2.4.9 Effect of Electrical Conductivity 32 // 2.4.10 Other Parameters 32 // 2.5 Surface Morphology 32 // 2.6 Properties of Melt Electrospun Fibres 33 // 2.6.1 Mechanical Properties 33 // 2.6.2 Thermal Properties 34 // 2.6.3 Crystalline Properties 34 // 2.6.4 Other Properties 35 // 2.7 Conclusion 36 // References 36 // 3 Experimental: Melt Electrospinning 41 // 3.1 Introduction 41 // 3.2 Materials 41 // 3.2.1 Material Synthesis 42 // 3.2.2 Material Preparation 43 // 3.3 Melt Electrospinning Apparatus 44 // 3.4 Additives 47 // 3.5 Annealing 47 // 3.6 Characterisation 48 // 3.6.1 SEM 48 // 3.6.2 Optical Microscopy 48 // 3.6.3 EDX 48 // 3.6.4 NMR 49 // 3.6.5 FTIR 49 // 3.6.6 DSC 49 // 3.6.7 TGA 50 // 3.6.8 Molecular Weight or Intrinsic Viscosity 50 // 3.6.9 XRD 50 // 3.6.10 Shear Viscosity 51 // 3.6.11 Electrical Conductivity 52 // 3.6.12 Mechanical Characterisation 52 // 3.6.13 Surface Wettability 53 // 3.7 Conclusion 53 // References 53 // 4 Results and Discussion: Melt Electrospinning 55 // 4.1 Initial Experiments with Pure Polymers 55 // 4.1.1 Establishing the Processing Parameters 55 //

4.1.2 Initial Results: Effect of Polymer MEI 59 // 4.1.3 Effect of Viscosity 61 // 4.1.4 Effect of Melt Flow Rate 63 // 4.1.5 Other Observations 64 // 4.1.6 Effect of Die Size and Shape 65 // 4.2 Experiments with Additives 70 // 4.2.1 Effect of Additives on Fibre Diameter 71 // 4.3 Characterisation 84 // 4.3.1 Elemental Composition Analysis by Energy // Dispersive X-ray (EDX) 84 // 4.3.2 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Results 87 // 4.3.3 Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Results 88 // 4.3.4 Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) Results 89 // 4.3.5 Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) Results 96 // 4.3.6 Molecular Weight or Intrinsic Viscosity 96 // 4.3.7 X-ray Diffraction (XRD) Results 97 // 4.3.8 Mechanical Property 99 // 4.3.9 Hydrophobic Properties 100 // 4.4 Washing of the Additives 101 // 4.5 Conclusion 103 // References 103 // 5 Conclusions: Melt Electrospinning 107 // 5.1 Conclusions 107 // References 109 // 6 Review of Literature: Meltblowing 111 // 6.1 Meltblowing 111 // 6.1.1 Equipment 111 // 6.1.2 Fibre Diameter and Influencing Factors 112 // 6.1.3 Properties of Meltblown Fibres 115 // 6.2 Conclusion 116 // References 116 // 7 Experimental: Meltblowing 119 // 7.1 Introduction 119 // 7.2 Materials 119 // 7.3 Meltblowing Apparatus 120 // 7.4 Annealing 123 // 7.5 Characterisation 123 // 7.5.1 Optical Microscopy 123 // 7.5.2 SEM 123 // 7.5.3 NMR 124 // 7.5.4 FTIR 124 // 7.5.5 DSC 124 // 7.5.6 TGA 125 // 7.5.7 Molecular Weight or Intrinsic Viscosity 125 // 7.5.8 XRD 125 // 7.5.9 Shear Viscosity 126 // 7.5.10 Mechanical Characterisation 127 // 7.5.11 Surface Wettability 128 // 7.6 Conclusion 129 // References 129 // 8 Results and Discussion: Meltblowing 131 // 8.1 Initial Experiments with Pure Polymers 131 // 8.1.1 Initial Results 131 // 8.2 Eifect of Fluids 132 // 8.2.1 Process of Fibre Formation with Fluid Injection 133 //

8.2.2 Collection Pattern of Fibres 134 // 8.2.3 Mechanism of Fibre Formation 136 // 8.2.4 Morphology and Diameter of Fibres 139 // 8.3 Characterisation 144 // 8.3.1 NMR Results 145 // 8.3.2 FTIR Results 145 // 8.3.3 DSC Results I47 // 8.3.4 TGA 149 // 8.3.5 Molecular Weight or Intrinsic Viscosity 149 // 8.3.6 XRD Results 150 // 8.3.7 Mechanical Properties 152 // 8.3.8 Hydrophobic Properties 156 // 8.4 Processing Difficulties with 2000 MFI PP 158 // 8.5 Conclusion 158 // References I59 // 9 Conclusions: Meltblowing 161 // 9.1 Conclusions 161 // References 163 // 10 Comparison of Results and Future Suggestions 165 // 10.1 Results of the Study 165 // 10.2 Comparison of Results for the Fabrication of Nanofibres 166 // 10.2.1 Differences in the Process of Fibre Formation 166 // 10.2.2 Differences in the Material Performance 166 // 10.2.3 Differences in the Fibre Properties 167 // 10.3 Future Suggestions 168 // 10.4 Publications 169 // 10.4.1 Journal Publications 169 // 10.4.2 Conference Publications 169 // 10.4.3 Book Chapter 170 // References 170 // Appendix A: Melt Electrospinning 171 // Appendix B: Meltblowing I79 // Index 187