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EB

EB

ONLINE

Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer, 2017

1 online zdroj

ISBN 978-3-662-49467-7 (e-kniha)

ISBN 978-3-662-49466-0 (print)

ATZ/MTZ-Fachbuch

This book offers first a short introduction to advanced supervision, fault detection and diagnosis methods. It then describes model-based methods of fault detection and diagnosis for the main components of gasoline and diesel engines, such as the intake system, fuel supply, fuel injection, combustion process, turbocharger, exhaust system and exhaust gas aftertreatment. Additionally, model-based fault diagnosis of electrical motors, electric, pneumatic and hydraulic actuators and fault-tolerant systems is treated. In general series production sensors are used. It includes abundant experimental results showing the detection and diagnosis quality of implemented faults. Written for automotive engineers in practice, it is also of interest to graduate students of mechanical and electrical engineering and computer science.-.

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List of Symbols XV // 1 Introduction 1 // 1.1 Combustion engine control and diagnosis developments 1 // 1.1.1 On the historical development of gasoline engines control .. 3 // 1.1.2 On the historical development of diesel engines control_ 3 // 1.2 Current engine developments 5 // 1.2.1 Gasoline engines 5 // 1.2.2 Diesel engines 7 // 1.2.3 Alternative drives 10 // 1.3 On-board and off-board diagnosis 10 // 1.4 Failure statistics 14 // 1.5 On the contents of this book 18 // References 20 // Part I Supervision, Fault Detection and Diagnosis Methods // 2 Supervision, fault-detection and fault-diagnosis methods - a short // introduction 25 // 2.1 Basic tasks of supervision 25 // 2.2 Knowledge-based fault detection and diagnosis 26 // 2.2.1 Analytic symptom generation 27 // 2.2.2 Heuristic symptom generation 28 // 2.2.3 Fault diagnosis 28 // 2.3 Signal-based fault-detection methods 29 // 2.3.1 Limit checking of absolute values 29 // 2.3.2 Trend checking 29 // 2.3.3 Plausibility checks 30 // 2.3.4 Signal-analysis methods 31 // 2.4 Process-model-based fault-detection methods 32 // 2.4.1 Process models and fault modeling 32 // 2.4.2 Fault detection with parameter estimation 35 // 2.4.3 Fault detection with state observers and state estimation-- 36 // 2.4.4 Fault detection with parity equations 38 // 2.4.5 Direct reconstruction of non-measurable variables 40 // 2.5 Fault-diagnosis methods 42 // 2.5.1 Classification methods 42 //

2.5.2 Inference methods 42 // 2.6 Fault detection and diagnosis in closed loop 43 // References 45 // Part ? Diagnosis of Internal Combustion Engines // 3 On the control and diagnosis of internal combustion engines 51 // 3.1 Electronic engine control 51 // 3.1.1 On the control of gasoline engines 53 // 3.1.2 On the control of diesel engines 56 // 3.2 On-board and off-board diagnosis of engines 59 // 3.3 Control- and diagnosis-oriented subdivision of combustion engines . 64 // 3.4 Model-based fault detection of combustion engines 67 // References 69 // 4 Diagnosis of gasoline engines 75 // 4.1 Intake system (air path manifold) 75 // 4.1.1 Fault diagnosis of the intake system with physical models .. 75 // 4.1.2 Fault diagnosis of the intake system with experimentally // identified models 80 // 4.2 Misfire detection 91 // 4.2.1 Engine speed analysis 92 // 4.2.2 Ion-current analysis 97 // 4.2.3 Exhaust gas pressure analysis 98 // 4.3 Fuel supply and injection system 101 // 4.3.1 Low-pressure supply system 102 // 4.3.2 High-pressure fuel supply and injection system 104 // 4.3.3 Tank leak diagnosis 109 // 4.4 Ignition system Ill // 4.5 Combustion pressure analysis 113 // 4.6 Exhaust system 114 // 4.6.1 Leaks and congestions 114 // 4.6.2 Catalyst diagnosis 114 // 4.7 Cooling system 116 // 4.7.1 Fault detectionof the cooling system with mechanical // driven pumps 116 // 4.7.2 Fault detection with electrical driven coolant pumps 117 //

4.8 Lubrication system 119 // 4.8.1 Models of a lubrication circuit 121 // 4.8.2 Model-based fault detection of a lubrication circuit 125 // 4.9 Overall gasoline engine fault diagnosis 126 // References 127 // 5 Diagnosis of diesel engines 133 // 5.1 Intake system 135 // 5.1.1 Modeling of the intake system with semi-physical // nonlinear models 136 // 5.1.2 Fault detection with nonlinear parity equations and diagnosis 142 // 5.2 Direct injection system with distributor pump and combustion.. 147 // 5.2.1 Fault detection with combustion features and speed // measurement 149 // 5.2.2 Fault detection with combustion features and excess air // measurement 153 // 5.2.3 Combined diagnosis for injection and combustion 156 // 5.2.4 Combustion pressure measurement analysis 158 // 5.3 Common-rail injection system 161 // 5.3.1 Analysis of the rail pressure signal 162 // 5.3.2 Model-based fault diagnosis 167 // 5.4 Turbochargers with wastegate and variable geometry 173 // 5.4.1 Models of VGT turbochargers 174 // 5.4.2 Model-based symptom generation 180 // 5.4.3 Wastegate turbocharger 181 // 5.5 Exhaust system 184 // 5.5.1 Analytical redundancies for air mass flow 184 // 5.5.2 Combined fault detection for wastegate turbocharger and // air mass flow 185 // 5.5.3 Particulate filter and catalyst 185 // 5.6 Overall diesel engine fault diagnosis 187 // References 187 //

Part ? Diagnosis of Electric Drives, Motors and Actuators // 6 Diagnosis of electric motors 193 // 6.1 Direct-current motor (DC) 195 // 6.1.1 Models of a DC motor with brushes 195 // 6.1.2 Fault detection with parity equations 197 // 6.1.3 Fault detection with parameter estimation 198 // 6.1.4 Experimental results for fault detection 199 // 6.1.5 Conclusions 202 // 6.2 Alternating-current motor (AC) 202 // 6.2.1 Models of induction motors (asynchronous motors) 203 // 6.2.2 Signal-based fault detection of the power electronics 206 // 6.2.3 Model-based fault detection of the AC motor 208 // 6.2.4 Conclusions 214 // 6.3 Alternating-current synchronous motors (SM) 214 // 6.3.1 Types of three-phase synchronous motors 214 // 6.3.2 Models and control of permanent magnet synchronous // motors (PMSM) 217 // 6.3.3 Model-based fault detection of a PMSM motor 219 // References 222 // 7 Diagnosis of actuators 225 // 7.1 Electric actuators 225 // 7.1.1 Electromagnetic actuator 225 // 7.1.2 Electrical automotive throttle valve actuator 234 // 7.1.3 Brushless DC motor 243 // 7.2 Pneumatic actuators 248 // 7.2.1 Design of pneumatic actuators 248 // 7.2.2 Models of pneumatic actuators 250 // 7.2.3 Fault detection of pneumatic actuators 256 // 7.3 Hydraulic actuators 257 // 7.3.1 Camshaft phasing 257 // 7.3.2 Models of a hydraulic camshaft phasing system 258 // 7.3.3 Fault detection 263 // References 264

Part IV Fault-Tolerant Systems // 8 Fault-tolerant components 269 // 8.1 Safety-related systems 269 // 8.2 Basic fault-tolerant structures 270 // 8.3 Fault tolerance for control systems 273 // 8.4 Fault management 274 // 8.5 Fault-tolerant sensors 274 // 8.5.1 Hardware sensor redundancy 275 // 8.5.2 Analytical sensor redundancy 275 // 8.5.3 Fault-tolerant position sensor for an electrical throttle 277 // 8.5.4 Fault-tolerant air intake sensor system 278 // 8.6 Fault-tolerant actuators and drive systems 281 // 8.6.1 Fault-tolerant hydraulic systems 282 // 8.6.2 Fault-tolerant electrical actuators and drives 283 // References 287 // PartV Appendix // 9 Terminology in fault detection and diagnosis 295 // References 297 // Index 299