1. Understanding the context and relevance of spatial analysis -- 2. Making scientific observations and measurements in spatial analysis -- 3. Using statistical measures to analyze data distributions -- 4. Engaging in exploratory data analysis, visualization, and hypothesis testing -- 5. Understanding spatial statistical relationships -- 6. Engaging in point pattern analysis -- 7. Engaging in areal pattern analysis using global and local statistics -- 8. Engaging in geostatistical analysis -- 9. Data science : understanding computing systems and analytics for big data.