1. Nanomaterials for electrochemical sensing and biosensing / Jonathan P. Metters and Craig E. Banks -- 2. Nanoparticle-modified electrodes for sensing / Jose M. Pingarron, Reynaldo Villalonga, and Paloma Yan~ez-Seden~o -- 3. Multifunctional electrode arrays / Ronen Polsky, Xiaoyin Xiao, David R. Wheeler, and Susan M. Brozik -- 4. Carbon nanotube electrochemical detectors in microfluidics / Diana Vilela, Aida Martin, Maria Cristina Gonzalez, and Alberto Escarpa -- 5. Carbon nanotube-based potentiometry / Francisco J. Andrade, Pascal Blondeau, Santiago Macho, Jordi Riu, and F. Xavier Rius -- 6. Nanoparticles for DNA, protein, and cell electrochemical detection / Alfredo de la Escosura-Mun~iz and Arben Merkoci -- 7. Metallic nanoparticle--and metal oxide nanoparticle--based electrodes / Ulku Anik.