.

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BK

Fifth edition

Burlington : Jones & Bartlett Learning, [2017]

xxx, 591 stran : ilustrace ; 23 cm

ISBN 978-1-284-08923-3 (brožováno)

001479143

Contents // Preface xiii // Prologue: Public Health in the News xv // Part I: What Is Public Health? 1 // 1 Public Health: Science, Politics, and Prevention 3 // What Is Public Health? 4 // Public Health Versus Medicai Care The Sciences of Public Health Prevention and Intervention Public Health and Terrorism 11 // Conclusion 13 // References 13 // 2 Why Is Public Health Controversial? 15 // Economic Impact 16 // Individual Liberty 18 // Moral and Religious Opposition 20 // Political Interference with Science 22 // Conclusion 23 // References 23 // 3 Powers and Responsibilities of Government 25 // Federal Versus State Authority 26 // How the Law Works 28 // How Public Health Is Organized and Paid for in the United States 29 // Nongovernmental Role in Public Health 36 // Conclusion 37 // References 38 // Part II: Analytical Methods of Public Health 39 // 4 Epidemiology: The Basic Science of Public Health 41 // How Epidemiology Works 42 // A Typical Epidemiologic Investigation—Outbreak of Hepatitis 43 // Legionnaires’ Disease 44 // Eosinophilia-Myalgia Syndrome 47 // Epidemiology and the Causes of Chronic Disease 49 // ? \\i cm // vi // Contents // Heart Disease 49 // Lung Cancer 51 // Conclusion 53 // References 54 // 5 Epidemiologic Principles and Methods 57 // Kinds of Epidemiologic Studies 52 // Conclusion 57 // References 58 // 6 Problems and Limits of Epidemiology 69 // Problems with Studying Humans 59 // Sources of Error // Proving Cause and Effect 73 // Epidemiologic Studies

of Hormone Replacement Therapy—Confusing Results 74 // Ethics in Epidemiology 75 // Conflicts of Interest in Drug Trials 78 // Conclusion SO // References 81 // 7 Statistics: Making Sense of Uncertainty 83 // The Uncertainty of Science 84 // Probability 86 // The Statistics of Screening Tests 88 // Rates and Other Calculated Statistics 90 // Risk Assessment and Risk Perception 94 // Cost-Benefit Analysis and Other Evaluation Methods 98 // Conclusion 99 // References ?0 // 8 The Role of Data in Public Health 103 // Vital Statistics ?4 // The Census ?4 // NCHS Surveys and Other Sources of Health Data 107 // Is So Much Data Really Necessary? 108 // Accuracy and Availability of Data 109 // Confidentiality of Data // Conclusion 111 // References H2 // Part III: Biomedical Basis of Public Health 115 // 9 The "Conquest" of Infectious Diseases 117 // Infectious Agents 118 // Means of Transmission 120 // Contents // vii // Chain of Infection 121 // Rabies 125 // Smallpox, Measles, and Polio 126 // Fear of Vaccines 129 // Conclusion 131 // References 132 // 10 The Resurgence of Infectious Diseases 135 // The Biomedical Basis of AIDS 135 // Ebola 140 // Other Emerging Viruses 144 // Influenza 146 // New Bacterial Threats 148 // Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR ??) 150 // Prions 154 // Public Health Response to Emerging Infections 155 // Public Health and the Threat of Bioterrorism 156 // Conclusion 157 // References 157 // 11 The Biomedical Basis of Chronic Diseases 163 // Cardiovascular

Disease 165 // Cancer 169 // Diabetes 171 // Other Chronic Diseases 172 // Conclusion 172 // References 173 // 12 Genetic Diseases and Other Inborn Errors 175 // Environmental Teratogens 176 // Genetic Diseases 177 // Genetic and Newborn Screening Programs 180 // Genomic Medicine 184 // Ethical Issues and Genetic Diseases 185 // Conclusion 187 // References 188 // Pari IV: Social and Behavioral Factors in Health 191 // 13 Do People Choose Their Own Health? 193 // Education 197 // Regulation 200 // Does Prohibition Work? 201 // Conclusion 203 // References 203 // viii // Contents // 14 How Psychosocial Factors Affect Health Behavior 205 // Health of Minority Populations 207 // Stress and Social Support 208 // Psychological Models of Health Behavior 209 // Ecological Model of Health Behavior 211 // Health Promotion Programs 213 // Changing the Environment 215 // Conclusion 216 // References 217 // 15 Public Health Enemy Number One: Tobacco 219 // Biomedical Basis of Smoking’s Harmful Effects 221 // Historical Trends in Smoking and Health 221 // Regulatory Restrictions on Smoking —New Focus on Environmental Tobacco Smoke 225 // Advertising—Emphasis on Youth 226 // Taxes as a Public Health Measure 227 // California’s Tobacco Control Program 228 // The Master Settlement Agreement (MSA) 230 // FDA Regulation 232 // Electronic Cigarettes 233 // Conclusion 233 // References 234 // 16 Public Health Enemy Number Two and Growing: // Poor Diet and Physical Inactivity 237 // Epidemiology

of Obesity 238 // Diet and Nutrition 242 // Promoting Healthy Eating 243 // Physical Activity and Health 247 // How Much Exercise Is Enough, and How Much Do People Get? 249 // Promoting Physical Activity 250 // Confronting the Obesity Epidemic 252 // Conclusion 254 // References 254 // 17 Injuries Are Not Accidents 259 // Epidemiology of Injuries 260 // Analyzing Injuries 263 // Motor Vehicle Injuries 264 // Pedestrians, Motorcyclists, and Bicyclists 267 // Poisoning 268 // Firearms Injuries 269 // Occupational Injuries 271 // Injury from Domestic Violence 272 // Contents // Nonfatal Traumatic Brain Injuries 272 // Tertiary Prevention 274 // Conclusion 275 // References 276 // 18 Maternal and Child Health as a Social Problem 281 // Maternal and Infant Mortality 282 // Infant Mortality—Health Problem or Social Problem? 283 // Preventing Infant Mortality 285 // Family Planning and Prevention of Adolescent Pregnancy 290 // Nutrition of Women and Children 292 // Children’s Health and Safety 293 // Conclusion 296 // References 297 // 19 Mental Health: Public Health Includes // Healthy Minds 301 // Major Categories of Mental Disorders 301 // Anxiety 302 // Psychosis 302 // Disturbances of Mood 302 // Disturbances of Cognition 302 // Epidemiology 302 // Causes and Prevention 303 // Children 306 // Eating Disorders 307 // Mental Health in Adulthood 308 // Mental Health in Older Adults 310 // Treatment 310 // Conclusion 311 // References 311 // Part V: Environmental Issues in Public

Health 313 // 20 A Clean Environment: The Basis of Public Health 315 // Role of Government in Environmental Health 316 // Identification of Hazards 317 // Pesticides and Industrial Chemicals 321 // Occupational Exposures—Workers as // Guinea Pigs 324 // New Source of Pollution —Factory Farms 325 // Setting Standards—How Safe Is Safe? 326 // Risk-Benefit Analysis 327 // Conclusion 327 // References 328 // x // Contents // 21 Clean Air: Is It Safe to Breathe? 333 // Criteria Air Pollutants 334 // Strategies for Meeting Standards 336 // Indoor Air Quality 341 // Global Effects of Air Pollution 342 // Conclusion 344 // References 345 // 22 Clean Water: A Limited Resource 349 // Clean Water Act 350 // Safe Drinking Water 352 // Dilemmas in Compliance 364 // Is the Water Supply Running Out? 366 // Conclusion 366 // References 367 // 23 Solid and Hazardous Wastes: // What to Do with the Garbage? 369 // Sanitary Landfills 370 // Alternatives to Landfills 372 // Hazardous Wastes 373 // Coal Ash 377 // Conclusion 377 // References 378 // 24 Safe Food and Drugs: An Ongoing // Regulatory Battle 381 // Causes of Foodborne Illness 382 // Government Action to Prevent Foodborne Disease 383 // Additives and Contaminants 388 // Drugs and Cosmetics 389 // Food and Drug Labeling and Advertising 390 // Politics of the FDA 392 // Conclusion 394 // References 395 // 25 Population: The Ultimate Environmental // Health Issue 399 // Public Health and Population Growth 401 // Global Impact of Population

Growth —Depletion of Resources 403 // Global Impact of Population Growth—Climate Change 406 // Dire Predictions and Fragile Hope 409 // Conclusion 411 // References 412 // Contents // Part VI: Medicai Care and Public Health 415 // 26 Is the Medical Care System a Public Health Issue? 417 // When Medical Care Is a Public Health Responsibility 418 // The Conflict Between Public Health and the Medical Profession 419 // Licensing and Regulation 422 // Ethical and Legal Issues in Medical Care 423 // Ethical Issues in Medical Resource Allocation 426 // Conclusion 427 // References 428 // 27 Why the U.S. Medical System Needs Reform 431 // Problems with Access 432 // Why Do Costs Keep Rising? 435 // Approaches to Controlling Medical Costs 436 // Managed Care and Beyond 437 // The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act 439 // Rationing 440 // Conclusion 442 // References 443 // 28 Health Services Research: Finding What Works 447 // Reasons for Practice Variations 448 // The Field of Dreams Effect 450 // Outcomes Research 451 // Quality 454 // Medical Care Report Cards 456 // Inequities in Medical Care 458 // The Relative Importance of Medical Care for Public Health 461 // Conclusion 463 // References 464 // 29 Public Health and the Aging Population 469 // The Aging of the Population—Trends 470 // Health Status of the Older Population 472 // General Approaches to Maximizing Health in Old Age 473 // Preventing Disease and Disability in Old Age 476 // Medical Costs of the Elderly

482 // Proposals for Rationing 485 // Conclusion 487 // References 487 // XII // Contents // Part VII: The Future of Public Health 491 // 30 Emergency Preparedness, Post-9/11 493 // Types of Disasters and Public Health Responses 494 // New York’s Response to the World Trade Center Attacks 495 // Response to Hurricane Katrina 496 // Principles of Emergency Planning and Preparedness 500 // Bioterrorism Preparedness 502 // Pandemic Flu 506 // Conclusion 507 // References 509 // 31 Public Health in the Twenty-First Century: // Achievements and Challenges 513 // Challenges for the 21st Century 515 // Strategic Planning for Public Health 516 // Dashed Hopes for the Integration of Public Health and Medical Practice 520 // Information Technology 521 // The Challenge of Biotechnology 523 // The Ultimate Challenge to Public Health in the Twenty-First Century 523 // Conclusion 524 // References 525 // Glossary // Index // 529 // 547